xref: /webtrees/app/Soundex.php (revision b3fc7c59028cc429d5605157531bb9a876e8925c)

<?php
/**
 * webtrees: online genealogy
 * Copyright (C) 2018 webtrees development team
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
namespace Fisharebest\Webtrees;

/**
 * Phonetic matching of strings.
 */
class Soundex {
	/**
	 * Which algorithms are supported.
	 *
	 * @return string[]
	 */
	public static function getAlgorithms() {
		return [
			'std' => /* I18N: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundex */ I18N::translate('Russell'),
			'dm'  => /* I18N: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daitch–Mokotoff_Soundex */ I18N::translate('Daitch-Mokotoff'),
		];
	}

	/**
	 * Is there a match between two soundex codes?
	 *
	 * @param string $soundex1
	 * @param string $soundex2
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 */
	public static function compare($soundex1, $soundex2) {
		if ($soundex1 !== '' && $soundex2 !== '') {
			return !empty(array_intersect(explode(':', $soundex1), explode(':', $soundex2)));
		}

		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Generate Russell soundex codes for a given text.
	 *
	 * @param $text
	 *
	 * @return null|string
	 */
	public static function russell($text) {
		$words         = preg_split('/\s/', $text, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
		$soundex_array = [];
		foreach ($words as $word) {
			$soundex = soundex($word);
			// Only return codes from recognisable sounds
			if ($soundex !== '0000') {
				$soundex_array[] = $soundex;
			}
		}
		// Combine words, e.g. “New York” as “Newyork”
		if (count($words) > 1) {
			$soundex_array[] = soundex(strtr($text, ' ', ''));
		}
		// A varchar(255) column can only hold 51 4-character codes (plus 50 delimiters)
		$soundex_array = array_slice(array_unique($soundex_array), 0, 51);

		if ($soundex_array) {
			return implode(':', $soundex_array);
		} else {
			return '';
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Generate Daitch–Mokotoff soundex codes for a given text.
	 *
	 * @param $text
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function daitchMokotoff($text) {
		$words         = preg_split('/\s/', $text, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
		$soundex_array = [];
		foreach ($words as $word) {
			$soundex_array = array_merge($soundex_array, self::daitchMokotoffWord($word));
		}
		// Combine words, e.g. “New York” as “Newyork”
		if (count($words) > 1) {
			$soundex_array = array_merge($soundex_array, self::daitchMokotoffWord(strtr($text, ' ', '')));
		}
		// A varchar(255) column can only hold 36 6-character codes (plus 35 delimiters)
		$soundex_array = array_slice(array_unique($soundex_array), 0, 36);

		if ($soundex_array) {
			return implode(':', $soundex_array);
		} else {
			return '';
		}
	}

	// Determine the Daitch–Mokotoff Soundex code for a word
	// Original implementation by Gerry Kroll, and analysis by Meliza Amity

	// Max. table key length (in ASCII bytes -- NOT in UTF-8 characters!)
	const MAXCHAR = 7;

	/**
	 * Name transformation arrays.
	 * Used to transform the Name string to simplify the "sounds like" table.
	 * This is especially useful in Hebrew.
	 *
	 * Each array entry defines the "from" and "to" arguments of an preg($from, $to, $text)
	 * function call to achieve the desired transformations.
	 *
	 * Note about the use of "\x01":
	 * This code, which can’t legitimately occur in the kind of text we're dealing with,
	 * is used as a place-holder so that conditional string replacements can be done.
	 *
	 * @var string[][]
	 */
	private static $transformNameTable = [
		// Force Yiddish ligatures to be treated as separate letters
		['װ', 'וו'],
		['ײ', 'יי'],
		['ױ', 'וי'],
		['בו', 'בע'],
		['פו', 'פע'],
		['ומ', 'עמ'],
		['ום', 'עם'],
		['ונ', 'ענ'],
		['ון', 'ען'],
		['וו', 'ב'],
		["\x01", ''],
		['ייה$', "\x01ה"],
		['ייע$', "\x01ע"],
		['יי', 'ע'],
		["\x01", 'יי'],
	];

	/**
	 * The DM sound coding table is organized this way:
	 * key: a variable-length string that corresponds to the UTF-8 character sequence
	 * represented by the table entry. Currently, that string can be up to 7
	 * bytes long. This maximum length is defined by the value of global variable
	 * $maxchar.
	 *
	 * value: an array as follows:
	 * [0]:  zero if not a vowel
	 * [1]:  sound value when this string is at the beginning of the word
	 * [2]:  sound value when this string is followed by a vowel
	 * [3]:  sound value for other cases
	 * [1],[2],[3] can be repeated several times to create branches in the code
	 * an empty sound value means "ignore in this state"
	 *
	 * @var string[][]
	 */
	private static $dmsounds = [
		'A'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'À'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Á'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Â'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ã'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ä'       => ['1', '0', '1', '', '0', '', ''],
		'Å'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ă'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ą'       => ['1', '', '', '', '', '', '6'],
		'Ạ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ả'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ấ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ầ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ẩ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ẫ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ậ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ắ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ằ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ẳ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ẵ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ặ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'AE'      => ['1', '0', '1', ''],
		'Æ'       => ['1', '0', '1', ''],
		'AI'      => ['1', '0', '1', ''],
		'AJ'      => ['1', '0', '1', ''],
		'AU'      => ['1', '0', '7', ''],
		'AV'      => ['1', '0', '7', '', '7', '7', '7'],
		'ÄU'      => ['1', '0', '1', ''],
		'AY'      => ['1', '0', '1', ''],
		'B'       => ['0', '7', '7', '7'],
		'C'       => ['0', '5', '5', '5', '34', '4', '4'],
		'Ć'       => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'Č'       => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'Ç'       => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'CH'      => ['0', '5', '5', '5', '34', '4', '4'],
		'CHS'     => ['0', '5', '54', '54'],
		'CK'      => ['0', '5', '5', '5', '45', '45', '45'],
		'CCS'     => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'CS'      => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'CSZ'     => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'CZ'      => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'CZS'     => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'D'       => ['0', '3', '3', '3'],
		'Ď'       => ['0', '3', '3', '3'],
		'Đ'       => ['0', '3', '3', '3'],
		'DRS'     => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'DRZ'     => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'DS'      => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'DSH'     => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'DSZ'     => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'DT'      => ['0', '3', '3', '3'],
		'DDZ'     => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'DDZS'    => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'DZ'      => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'DŹ'      => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'DŻ'      => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'DZH'     => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'DZS'     => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'E'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'È'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'É'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ê'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ë'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ĕ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ė'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ę'       => ['1', '', '', '6', '', '', ''],
		'Ẹ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ẻ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ẽ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ế'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ề'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ể'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ễ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ệ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'EAU'     => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'EI'      => ['1', '0', '1', ''],
		'EJ'      => ['1', '0', '1', ''],
		'EU'      => ['1', '1', '1', ''],
		'EY'      => ['1', '0', '1', ''],
		'F'       => ['0', '7', '7', '7'],
		'FB'      => ['0', '7', '7', '7'],
		'G'       => ['0', '5', '5', '5', '34', '4', '4'],
		'Ğ'       => ['0', '', '', ''],
		'GGY'     => ['0', '5', '5', '5'],
		'GY'      => ['0', '5', '5', '5'],
		'H'       => ['0', '5', '5', '', '5', '5', '5'],
		'I'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ì'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Í'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Î'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ï'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ĩ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Į'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'İ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ỉ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ị'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'IA'      => ['1', '1', '', ''],
		'IE'      => ['1', '1', '', ''],
		'IO'      => ['1', '1', '', ''],
		'IU'      => ['1', '1', '', ''],
		'J'       => ['0', '1', '', '', '4', '4', '4', '5', '5', ''],
		'K'       => ['0', '5', '5', '5'],
		'KH'      => ['0', '5', '5', '5'],
		'KS'      => ['0', '5', '54', '54'],
		'L'       => ['0', '8', '8', '8'],
		'Ľ'       => ['0', '8', '8', '8'],
		'Ĺ'       => ['0', '8', '8', '8'],
		'Ł'       => ['0', '7', '7', '7', '8', '8', '8'],
		'LL'      => ['0', '8', '8', '8', '58', '8', '8', '1', '8', '8'],
		'LLY'     => ['0', '8', '8', '8', '1', '8', '8'],
		'LY'      => ['0', '8', '8', '8', '1', '8', '8'],
		'M'       => ['0', '6', '6', '6'],
		'MĔ'      => ['0', '66', '66', '66'],
		'MN'      => ['0', '66', '66', '66'],
		'N'       => ['0', '6', '6', '6'],
		'Ń'       => ['0', '6', '6', '6'],
		'Ň'       => ['0', '6', '6', '6'],
		'Ñ'       => ['0', '6', '6', '6'],
		'NM'      => ['0', '66', '66', '66'],
		'O'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ò'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ó'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ô'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Õ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ö'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ø'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ő'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Œ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ơ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ọ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ỏ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ố'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ồ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ổ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ỗ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ộ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ớ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ờ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ở'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ỡ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ợ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'OE'      => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'OI'      => ['1', '0', '1', ''],
		'OJ'      => ['1', '0', '1', ''],
		'OU'      => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'OY'      => ['1', '0', '1', ''],
		'P'       => ['0', '7', '7', '7'],
		'PF'      => ['0', '7', '7', '7'],
		'PH'      => ['0', '7', '7', '7'],
		'Q'       => ['0', '5', '5', '5'],
		'R'       => ['0', '9', '9', '9'],
		'Ř'       => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'RS'      => ['0', '4', '4', '4', '94', '94', '94'],
		'RZ'      => ['0', '4', '4', '4', '94', '94', '94'],
		'S'       => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'Ś'       => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'Š'       => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'Ş'       => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'SC'      => ['0', '2', '4', '4'],
		'ŠČ'      => ['0', '2', '4', '4'],
		'SCH'     => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'SCHD'    => ['0', '2', '43', '43'],
		'SCHT'    => ['0', '2', '43', '43'],
		'SCHTCH'  => ['0', '2', '4', '4'],
		'SCHTSCH' => ['0', '2', '4', '4'],
		'SCHTSH'  => ['0', '2', '4', '4'],
		'SD'      => ['0', '2', '43', '43'],
		'SH'      => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'SHCH'    => ['0', '2', '4', '4'],
		'SHD'     => ['0', '2', '43', '43'],
		'SHT'     => ['0', '2', '43', '43'],
		'SHTCH'   => ['0', '2', '4', '4'],
		'SHTSH'   => ['0', '2', '4', '4'],
		'ß'       => ['0', '', '4', '4'],
		'ST'      => ['0', '2', '43', '43'],
		'STCH'    => ['0', '2', '4', '4'],
		'STRS'    => ['0', '2', '4', '4'],
		'STRZ'    => ['0', '2', '4', '4'],
		'STSCH'   => ['0', '2', '4', '4'],
		'STSH'    => ['0', '2', '4', '4'],
		'SSZ'     => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'SZ'      => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'SZCS'    => ['0', '2', '4', '4'],
		'SZCZ'    => ['0', '2', '4', '4'],
		'SZD'     => ['0', '2', '43', '43'],
		'SZT'     => ['0', '2', '43', '43'],
		'T'       => ['0', '3', '3', '3'],
		'Ť'       => ['0', '3', '3', '3'],
		'Ţ'       => ['0', '3', '3', '3', '4', '4', '4'],
		'TC'      => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'TCH'     => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'TH'      => ['0', '3', '3', '3'],
		'TRS'     => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'TRZ'     => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'TS'      => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'TSCH'    => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'TSH'     => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'TSZ'     => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'TTCH'    => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'TTS'     => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'TTSCH'   => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'TTSZ'    => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'TTZ'     => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'TZ'      => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'TZS'     => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'U'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ù'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ú'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Û'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ü'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ũ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ū'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ů'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ű'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ų'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ư'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ụ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ủ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ứ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ừ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ử'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ữ'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ự'       => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'UE'      => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'UI'      => ['1', '0', '1', ''],
		'UJ'      => ['1', '0', '1', ''],
		'UY'      => ['1', '0', '1', ''],
		'UW'      => ['1', '0', '1', '', '0', '7', '7'],
		'V'       => ['0', '7', '7', '7'],
		'W'       => ['0', '7', '7', '7'],
		'X'       => ['0', '5', '54', '54'],
		'Y'       => ['1', '1', '', ''],
		'Ý'       => ['1', '1', '', ''],
		'Ỳ'       => ['1', '1', '', ''],
		'Ỵ'       => ['1', '1', '', ''],
		'Ỷ'       => ['1', '1', '', ''],
		'Ỹ'       => ['1', '1', '', ''],
		'Z'       => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'Ź'       => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'Ż'       => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'Ž'       => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'ZD'      => ['0', '2', '43', '43'],
		'ZDZ'     => ['0', '2', '4', '4'],
		'ZDZH'    => ['0', '2', '4', '4'],
		'ZH'      => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'ZHD'     => ['0', '2', '43', '43'],
		'ZHDZH'   => ['0', '2', '4', '4'],
		'ZS'      => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'ZSCH'    => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'ZSH'     => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'ZZS'     => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		// Cyrillic alphabet
		'А'   => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Б'   => ['0', '7', '7', '7'],
		'В'   => ['0', '7', '7', '7'],
		'Г'   => ['0', '5', '5', '5'],
		'Д'   => ['0', '3', '3', '3'],
		'ДЗ'  => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'Е'   => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ё'   => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ж'   => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'З'   => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'И'   => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Й'   => ['1', '1', '', '', '4', '4', '4'],
		'К'   => ['0', '5', '5', '5'],
		'Л'   => ['0', '8', '8', '8'],
		'М'   => ['0', '6', '6', '6'],
		'Н'   => ['0', '6', '6', '6'],
		'О'   => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'П'   => ['0', '7', '7', '7'],
		'Р'   => ['0', '9', '9', '9'],
		'РЖ'  => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'С'   => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'Т'   => ['0', '3', '3', '3'],
		'У'   => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ф'   => ['0', '7', '7', '7'],
		'Х'   => ['0', '5', '5', '5'],
		'Ц'   => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'Ч'   => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'Ш'   => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'Щ'   => ['0', '2', '4', '4'],
		'Ъ'   => ['0', '', '', ''],
		'Ы'   => ['0', '1', '', ''],
		'Ь'   => ['0', '', '', ''],
		'Э'   => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ю'   => ['0', '1', '', ''],
		'Я'   => ['0', '1', '', ''],
		// Greek alphabet
		'Α'   => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ά'   => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'ΑΙ'  => ['1', '0', '1', ''],
		'ΑΥ'  => ['1', '0', '1', ''],
		'Β'   => ['0', '7', '7', '7'],
		'Γ'   => ['0', '5', '5', '5'],
		'Δ'   => ['0', '3', '3', '3'],
		'Ε'   => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Έ'   => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'ΕΙ'  => ['1', '0', '1', ''],
		'ΕΥ'  => ['1', '1', '1', ''],
		'Ζ'   => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'Η'   => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ή'   => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Θ'   => ['0', '3', '3', '3'],
		'Ι'   => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ί'   => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ϊ'   => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'ΐ'   => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Κ'   => ['0', '5', '5', '5'],
		'Λ'   => ['0', '8', '8', '8'],
		'Μ'   => ['0', '6', '6', '6'],
		'ΜΠ'  => ['0', '7', '7', '7'],
		'Ν'   => ['0', '6', '6', '6'],
		'ΝΤ'  => ['0', '3', '3', '3'],
		'Ξ'   => ['0', '5', '54', '54'],
		'Ο'   => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ό'   => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'ΟΙ'  => ['1', '0', '1', ''],
		'ΟΥ'  => ['1', '0', '1', ''],
		'Π'   => ['0', '7', '7', '7'],
		'Ρ'   => ['0', '9', '9', '9'],
		'Σ'   => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'ς'   => ['0', '', '', '4'],
		'Τ'   => ['0', '3', '3', '3'],
		'ΤΖ'  => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'ΤΣ'  => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'Υ'   => ['1', '1', '', ''],
		'Ύ'   => ['1', '1', '', ''],
		'Ϋ'   => ['1', '1', '', ''],
		'ΰ'   => ['1', '1', '', ''],
		'ΥΚ'  => ['1', '5', '5', '5'],
		'ΥΥ'  => ['1', '65', '65', '65'],
		'Φ'   => ['0', '7', '7', '7'],
		'Χ'   => ['0', '5', '5', '5'],
		'Ψ'   => ['0', '7', '7', '7'],
		'Ω'   => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'Ώ'   => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		// Hebrew alphabet
		'א'     => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'או'    => ['1', '0', '7', ''],
		'אג'    => ['1', '4', '4', '4', '5', '5', '5', '34', '34', '34'],
		'בב'    => ['0', '7', '7', '7', '77', '77', '77'],
		'ב'     => ['0', '7', '7', '7'],
		'גג'    => ['0', '4', '4', '4', '5', '5', '5', '45', '45', '45', '55', '55', '55', '54', '54', '54'],
		'גד'    => ['0', '43', '43', '43', '53', '53', '53'],
		'גה'    => ['0', '45', '45', '45', '55', '55', '55'],
		'גז'    => ['0', '44', '44', '44', '45', '45', '45'],
		'גח'    => ['0', '45', '45', '45', '55', '55', '55'],
		'גכ'    => ['0', '45', '45', '45', '55', '55', '55'],
		'גך'    => ['0', '45', '45', '45', '55', '55', '55'],
		'גצ'    => ['0', '44', '44', '44', '45', '45', '45'],
		'גץ'    => ['0', '44', '44', '44', '45', '45', '45'],
		'גק'    => ['0', '45', '45', '45', '54', '54', '54'],
		'גש'    => ['0', '44', '44', '44', '54', '54', '54'],
		'גת'    => ['0', '43', '43', '43', '53', '53', '53'],
		'ג'     => ['0', '4', '4', '4', '5', '5', '5'],
		'דז'    => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'דד'    => ['0', '3', '3', '3', '33', '33', '33'],
		'דט'    => ['0', '33', '33', '33'],
		'דש'    => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'דצ'    => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'דץ'    => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'ד'     => ['0', '3', '3', '3'],
		'הג'    => ['0', '54', '54', '54', '55', '55', '55'],
		'הכ'    => ['0', '55', '55', '55'],
		'הח'    => ['0', '55', '55', '55'],
		'הק'    => ['0', '55', '55', '55', '5', '5', '5'],
		'הה'    => ['0', '5', '5', '', '55', '55', ''],
		'ה'     => ['0', '5', '5', ''],
		'וי'    => ['1', '', '', '', '7', '7', '7'],
		'ו'     => ['1', '7', '7', '7', '7', '', ''],
		'וו'    => ['1', '7', '7', '7', '7', '', ''],
		'וופ'   => ['1', '7', '7', '7', '77', '77', '77'],
		'זש'    => ['0', '4', '4', '4', '44', '44', '44'],
		'זדז'   => ['0', '2', '4', '4'],
		'ז'     => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'זג'    => ['0', '44', '44', '44', '45', '45', '45'],
		'זז'    => ['0', '4', '4', '4', '44', '44', '44'],
		'זס'    => ['0', '44', '44', '44'],
		'זצ'    => ['0', '44', '44', '44'],
		'זץ'    => ['0', '44', '44', '44'],
		'חג'    => ['0', '54', '54', '54', '53', '53', '53'],
		'חח'    => ['0', '5', '5', '5', '55', '55', '55'],
		'חק'    => ['0', '55', '55', '55', '5', '5', '5'],
		'חכ'    => ['0', '45', '45', '45', '55', '55', '55'],
		'חס'    => ['0', '5', '54', '54'],
		'חש'    => ['0', '5', '54', '54'],
		'ח'     => ['0', '5', '5', '5'],
		'טש'    => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'טד'    => ['0', '33', '33', '33'],
		'טי'    => ['0', '3', '3', '3', '4', '4', '4', '3', '3', '34'],
		'טת'    => ['0', '33', '33', '33'],
		'טט'    => ['0', '3', '3', '3', '33', '33', '33'],
		'ט'     => ['0', '3', '3', '3'],
		'י'     => ['1', '1', '', ''],
		'יא'    => ['1', '1', '', '', '1', '1', '1'],
		'כג'    => ['0', '55', '55', '55', '54', '54', '54'],
		'כש'    => ['0', '5', '54', '54'],
		'כס'    => ['0', '5', '54', '54'],
		'ככ'    => ['0', '5', '5', '5', '55', '55', '55'],
		'כך'    => ['0', '5', '5', '5', '55', '55', '55'],
		'כ'     => ['0', '5', '5', '5'],
		'כח'    => ['0', '55', '55', '55', '5', '5', '5'],
		'ך'     => ['0', '', '5', '5'],
		'ל'     => ['0', '8', '8', '8'],
		'לל'    => ['0', '88', '88', '88', '8', '8', '8'],
		'מנ'    => ['0', '66', '66', '66'],
		'מן'    => ['0', '66', '66', '66'],
		'ממ'    => ['0', '6', '6', '6', '66', '66', '66'],
		'מם'    => ['0', '6', '6', '6', '66', '66', '66'],
		'מ'     => ['0', '6', '6', '6'],
		'ם'     => ['0', '', '6', '6'],
		'נמ'    => ['0', '66', '66', '66'],
		'נם'    => ['0', '66', '66', '66'],
		'ננ'    => ['0', '6', '6', '6', '66', '66', '66'],
		'נן'    => ['0', '6', '6', '6', '66', '66', '66'],
		'נ'     => ['0', '6', '6', '6'],
		'ן'     => ['0', '', '6', '6'],
		'סתש'   => ['0', '2', '4', '4'],
		'סתז'   => ['0', '2', '4', '4'],
		'סטז'   => ['0', '2', '4', '4'],
		'סטש'   => ['0', '2', '4', '4'],
		'סצד'   => ['0', '2', '4', '4'],
		'סט'    => ['0', '2', '4', '4', '43', '43', '43'],
		'סת'    => ['0', '2', '4', '4', '43', '43', '43'],
		'סג'    => ['0', '44', '44', '44', '4', '4', '4'],
		'סס'    => ['0', '4', '4', '4', '44', '44', '44'],
		'סצ'    => ['0', '44', '44', '44'],
		'סץ'    => ['0', '44', '44', '44'],
		'סז'    => ['0', '44', '44', '44'],
		'סש'    => ['0', '44', '44', '44'],
		'ס'     => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'ע'     => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'פב'    => ['0', '7', '7', '7', '77', '77', '77'],
		'פוו'   => ['0', '7', '7', '7', '77', '77', '77'],
		'פפ'    => ['0', '7', '7', '7', '77', '77', '77'],
		'פף'    => ['0', '7', '7', '7', '77', '77', '77'],
		'פ'     => ['0', '7', '7', '7'],
		'ף'     => ['0', '', '7', '7'],
		'צג'    => ['0', '44', '44', '44', '45', '45', '45'],
		'צז'    => ['0', '44', '44', '44'],
		'צס'    => ['0', '44', '44', '44'],
		'צצ'    => ['0', '4', '4', '4', '5', '5', '5', '44', '44', '44', '54', '54', '54', '45', '45', '45'],
		'צץ'    => ['0', '4', '4', '4', '5', '5', '5', '44', '44', '44', '54', '54', '54'],
		'צש'    => ['0', '44', '44', '44', '4', '4', '4', '5', '5', '5'],
		'צ'     => ['0', '4', '4', '4', '5', '5', '5'],
		'ץ'     => ['0', '', '4', '4'],
		'קה'    => ['0', '55', '55', '5'],
		'קס'    => ['0', '5', '54', '54'],
		'קש'    => ['0', '5', '54', '54'],
		'קק'    => ['0', '5', '5', '5', '55', '55', '55'],
		'קח'    => ['0', '55', '55', '55'],
		'קכ'    => ['0', '55', '55', '55'],
		'קך'    => ['0', '55', '55', '55'],
		'קג'    => ['0', '55', '55', '55', '54', '54', '54'],
		'ק'     => ['0', '5', '5', '5'],
		'רר'    => ['0', '99', '99', '99', '9', '9', '9'],
		'ר'     => ['0', '9', '9', '9'],
		'שטז'   => ['0', '2', '4', '4'],
		'שתש'   => ['0', '2', '4', '4'],
		'שתז'   => ['0', '2', '4', '4'],
		'שטש'   => ['0', '2', '4', '4'],
		'שד'    => ['0', '2', '43', '43'],
		'שז'    => ['0', '44', '44', '44'],
		'שס'    => ['0', '44', '44', '44'],
		'שת'    => ['0', '2', '43', '43'],
		'שג'    => ['0', '4', '4', '4', '44', '44', '44', '4', '43', '43'],
		'שט'    => ['0', '2', '43', '43', '44', '44', '44'],
		'שצ'    => ['0', '44', '44', '44', '45', '45', '45'],
		'שץ'    => ['0', '44', '', '44', '45', '', '45'],
		'שש'    => ['0', '4', '4', '4', '44', '44', '44'],
		'ש'     => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'תג'    => ['0', '34', '34', '34'],
		'תז'    => ['0', '34', '34', '34'],
		'תש'    => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'תת'    => ['0', '3', '3', '3', '4', '4', '4', '33', '33', '33', '44', '44', '44', '34', '34', '34', '43', '43', '43'],
		'ת'     => ['0', '3', '3', '3', '4', '4', '4'],
		// Arabic alphabet
		'ا'   => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'ب'   => ['0', '7', '7', '7'],
		'ت'   => ['0', '3', '3', '3'],
		'ث'   => ['0', '3', '3', '3'],
		'ج'   => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'ح'   => ['0', '5', '5', '5'],
		'خ'   => ['0', '5', '5', '5'],
		'د'   => ['0', '3', '3', '3'],
		'ذ'   => ['0', '3', '3', '3'],
		'ر'   => ['0', '9', '9', '9'],
		'ز'   => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'س'   => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'ش'   => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'ص'   => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'ض'   => ['0', '3', '3', '3'],
		'ط'   => ['0', '3', '3', '3'],
		'ظ'   => ['0', '4', '4', '4'],
		'ع'   => ['1', '0', '', ''],
		'غ'   => ['0', '0', '', ''],
		'ف'   => ['0', '7', '7', '7'],
		'ق'   => ['0', '5', '5', '5'],
		'ك'   => ['0', '5', '5', '5'],
		'ل'   => ['0', '8', '8', '8'],
		'لا'  => ['0', '8', '8', '8'],
		'م'   => ['0', '6', '6', '6'],
		'ن'   => ['0', '6', '6', '6'],
		'هن'  => ['0', '66', '66', '66'],
		'ه'   => ['0', '5', '5', ''],
		'و'   => ['1', '', '', '', '7', '', ''],
		'ي'   => ['0', '1', '', ''],
		'آ'   => ['0', '1', '', ''],
		'ة'   => ['0', '', '', '3'],
		'ی'   => ['0', '1', '', ''],
		'ى'   => ['1', '1', '', ''],
	];

	/**
	 * Calculate the Daitch-Mokotoff soundex for a word.
	 *
	 * @param string $name
	 *
	 * @return string[] List of possible DM codes for the word.
	 */
	private static function daitchMokotoffWord($name) {
		// Apply special transformation rules to the input string
		$name = I18N::strtoupper($name);
		foreach (self::$transformNameTable as $transformRule) {
			$name = str_replace($transformRule[0], $transformRule[1], $name);
		}

		// Initialize
		$name_script = I18N::textScript($name);
		$noVowels    = ($name_script == 'Hebr' || $name_script == 'Arab');

		$lastPos         = strlen($name) - 1;
		$currPos         = 0;
		$state           = 1; // 1: start of input string, 2: before vowel, 3: other
		$result          = []; // accumulate complete 6-digit D-M codes here
		$partialResult   = []; // accumulate incomplete D-M codes here
		$partialResult[] = ['!']; // initialize 1st partial result  ('!' stops "duplicate sound" check)

		// Loop through the input string.
		// Stop when the string is exhausted or when no more partial results remain
		while (count($partialResult) !== 0 && $currPos <= $lastPos) {
			// Find the DM coding table entry for the chunk at the current position
			$thisEntry = substr($name, $currPos, self::MAXCHAR); // Get maximum length chunk
			while ($thisEntry != '') {
				if (isset(self::$dmsounds[$thisEntry])) {
					break;
				}
				$thisEntry = substr($thisEntry, 0, -1); // Not in table: try a shorter chunk
			}
			if ($thisEntry === '') {
				$currPos++; // Not in table: advance pointer to next byte
				continue; // and try again
			}

			$soundTableEntry = self::$dmsounds[$thisEntry];
			$workingResult   = $partialResult;
			$partialResult   = [];
			$currPos += strlen($thisEntry);

			// Not at beginning of input string
			if ($state != 1) {
				if ($currPos <= $lastPos) {
					// Determine whether the next chunk is a vowel
					$nextEntry = substr($name, $currPos, self::MAXCHAR); // Get maximum length chunk
					while ($nextEntry != '') {
						if (isset(self::$dmsounds[$nextEntry])) {
							break;
						}
						$nextEntry = substr($nextEntry, 0, -1); // Not in table: try a shorter chunk
					}
				} else {
					$nextEntry = '';
				}
				if ($nextEntry != '' && self::$dmsounds[$nextEntry][0] != '0') {
					$state = 2;
				} else {
					// Next chunk is a vowel
					$state = 3;
				}
			}

			while ($state < count($soundTableEntry)) {
				// empty means 'ignore this sound in this state'
				if ($soundTableEntry[$state] == '') {
					foreach ($workingResult as $workingEntry) {
						$tempEntry = $workingEntry;
						$tempEntry[count($tempEntry) - 1] .= '!'; // Prevent false 'doubles'
						$partialResult[] = $tempEntry;
					}
				} else {
					foreach ($workingResult as $workingEntry) {
						if ($soundTableEntry[$state] !== $workingEntry[count($workingEntry) - 1]) {
							// Incoming sound isn't a duplicate of the previous sound
							$workingEntry[] = $soundTableEntry[$state];
						} else {
							// Incoming sound is a duplicate of the previous sound
							// For Hebrew and Arabic, we need to create a pair of D-M sound codes,
							// one of the pair with only a single occurrence of the duplicate sound,
							// the other with both occurrences
							if ($noVowels) {
								$workingEntry[] = $soundTableEntry[$state];
							}
						}
						if (count($workingEntry) < 7) {
							$partialResult[] = $workingEntry;
						} else {
							// This is the 6th code in the sequence
							// We're looking for 7 entries because the first is '!' and doesn't count
							$tempResult = str_replace('!', '', implode('', $workingEntry));
							// Only return codes from recognisable sounds
							if ($tempResult) {
								$result[] = substr($tempResult . '000000', 0, 6);
							}
						}
					}
				}
				$state = $state + 3; // Advance to next triplet while keeping the same basic state
			}
		}

		// Zero-fill and copy all remaining partial results
		foreach ($partialResult as $workingEntry) {
			$tempResult = str_replace('!', '', implode('', $workingEntry));
			// Only return codes from recognisable sounds
			if ($tempResult) {
				$result[] = substr($tempResult . '000000', 0, 6);
			}
		}

		return $result;
	}
}