xref: /webtrees/app/I18N.php (revision cbc1590a8c715aa2d88bd745610b899587bd9563)
1<?php
2namespace Fisharebest\Webtrees;
3
4/**
5 * webtrees: online genealogy
6 * Copyright (C) 2015 webtrees development team
7 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
10 * (at your option) any later version.
11 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14 * GNU General Public License for more details.
15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16 * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
17 */
18
19use Fisharebest\ExtCalendar\ArabicCalendar;
20use Fisharebest\ExtCalendar\CalendarInterface;
21use Fisharebest\ExtCalendar\GregorianCalendar;
22use Fisharebest\ExtCalendar\JewishCalendar;
23use Fisharebest\ExtCalendar\PersianCalendar;
24use Fisharebest\Localization\Locale;
25use Fisharebest\Localization\Locale\LocaleEnUs;
26use Fisharebest\Localization\Locale\LocaleInterface;
27use Fisharebest\Localization\Translation;
28use Fisharebest\Localization\Translator;
29use Patchwork\TurkishUtf8;
30
31/**
32 * Class I18N - Functions to support internationalization (i18n) functionality.
33 */
34class I18N {
35	/** @var LocaleInterface The current locale (e.g. LocaleEnGb) */
36	private static $locale;
37
38	/** @var Translator */
39	private static $translator;
40
41	// Digits are always rendered LTR, even in RTL text.
42	const DIGITS = '0123456789٠١٢٣٤٥٦٧٨٩۰۱۲۳۴۵۶۷۸۹';
43
44	// Reversable character conversions from the UNICODE 5.1 database.
45	// It excludes ambiguous (turkish dotless i) and mixed-case (Dz) characters.
46	// The characters should be arranged in default unicode-collation order.
47	const ALPHABET_LOWER = 'aàáâãäåāăąǎǟǡǻȁȃȧḁạảấầẩẫậắằẳẵặⓐaæǣǽbḃḅḇⓑbƀɓƃcçćĉċčḉⅽⓒcƈdďḋḍḏḑḓⅾⓓddždzđɖɗƌðeèéêëēĕėęěȅȇȩḕḗḙḛḝẹẻẽếềểễệⓔeǝəɛfḟⓕfƒgĝğġģǧǵḡⓖgǥɠɣƣhĥȟḣḥḧḩḫⓗhƕħiìíîïĩīĭįǐȉȋḭḯỉịⅰⓘiⅱⅲijⅳⅸɨɩjĵⓙjkķǩḱḳḵⓚkƙlĺļľḷḹḻḽⅼⓛlŀljłƚmḿṁṃⅿⓜmnñńņňǹṅṇṉṋⓝnnjɲƞŋoòóôõöōŏőơǒǫǭȍȏȫȭȯȱṍṏṑṓọỏốồổỗộớờởỡợⓞoœøǿɔɵȣpṕṗⓟpƥqⓠqrŕŗřȑȓṙṛṝṟⓡrʀsśŝşšșṡṣṥṧṩⓢsʃtţťțṫṭṯṱⓣtŧƭʈuùúûüũūŭůűųưǔǖǘǚǜȕȗṳṵṷṹṻụủứừửữựⓤuʉɯʊvṽṿⅴⓥvⅵⅶⅷʋʌwŵẁẃẅẇẉⓦwxẋẍⅹⓧxⅺⅻyýÿŷȳẏỳỵỷỹⓨyƴzźżžẑẓẕⓩzƶȥǯʒƹȝþƿƨƽƅάαἀἁἂἃἄἅἆἇὰάᾀᾁᾂᾃᾄᾅᾆᾇᾰᾱᾳβγδέεἐἑἒἓἔἕὲέϝϛζήηἠἡἢἣἤἥἦἧὴήᾐᾑᾒᾓᾔᾕᾖᾗῃθϊἰἱἲἳἴἵἶἷὶίῐῑκϗλμνξοόὀὁὂὃὄὅὸόπϟϙρῥσϲτυϋύὑὓὕὗὺύῠῡφχψωώὠὡὢὣὤὥὦὧὼώᾠᾡᾢᾣᾤᾥᾦᾧῳϡϸϻϣϥϧϩϫϭϯаӑӓәӛӕбвгґғҕдԁђԃѓҙеѐёӗєжӂӝҗзԅӟѕӡԇиѝӣҋӥіїйјкқӄҡҟҝлӆљԉмӎнӊңӈҥњԋоӧөӫпҧҁрҏсԍҫтԏҭћќуӯўӱӳүұѹфхҳһѡѿѽѻцҵчӵҷӌҹҽҿџшщъыӹьҍѣэӭюяѥѧѫѩѭѯѱѳѵѷҩաբգդեզէըթժիլխծկհձղճմյնշոչպջռսվտրցւփքօֆȼɂɇɉɋɍɏͱͳͷͻͼͽӏӷӻӽӿԑԓԕԗԙԛԝԟԡԣԥᵹᵽỻỽỿⅎↄⰰⰱⰲⰳⰴⰵⰶⰷⰸⰹⰺⰻⰼⰽⰾⰿⱀⱁⱂⱃⱄⱅⱆⱇⱈⱉⱊⱋⱌⱍⱎⱏⱐⱑⱒⱓⱔⱕⱖⱗⱘⱙⱚⱛⱜⱝⱞⱡⱨⱪⱬⱳⱶⲁⲃⲅⲇⲉⲋⲍⲏⲑⲓⲕⲗⲙⲛⲝⲟⲡⲣⲥⲧⲩⲫⲭⲯⲱⲳⲵⲷⲹⲻⲽⲿⳁⳃⳅⳇⳉⳋⳍⳏⳑⳓⳕⳗⳙⳛⳝⳟⳡⳣⳬⳮⴀⴁⴂⴃⴄⴅⴆⴇⴈⴉⴊⴋⴌⴍⴎⴏⴐⴑⴒⴓⴔⴕⴖⴗⴘⴙⴚⴛⴜⴝⴞⴟⴠⴡⴢⴣⴤⴥꙁꙃꙅꙇꙉꙋꙍꙏꙑꙓꙕꙗꙙꙛꙝꙟꙣꙥꙧꙩꙫꙭꚁꚃꚅꚇꚉꚋꚍꚏꚑꚓꚕꚗꜣꜥꜧꜩꜫꜭꜯꜳꜵꜷꜹꜻꜽꜿꝁꝃꝅꝇꝉꝋꝍꝏꝑꝓꝕꝗꝙꝛꝝꝟꝡꝣꝥꝧꝩꝫꝭꝯꝺꝼꝿꞁꞃꞅꞇꞌ';
48	const ALPHABET_UPPER = 'AÀÁÂÃÄÅĀĂĄǍǞǠǺȀȂȦḀẠẢẤẦẨẪẬẮẰẲẴẶⒶAÆǢǼBḂḄḆⒷBɃƁƂCÇĆĈĊČḈⅭⒸCƇDĎḊḌḎḐḒⅮⒹDDŽDZĐƉƊƋÐEÈÉÊËĒĔĖĘĚȄȆȨḔḖḘḚḜẸẺẼẾỀỂỄỆⒺEƎƏƐFḞⒻFƑGĜĞĠĢǦǴḠⒼGǤƓƔƢHĤȞḢḤḦḨḪⒽHǶĦIÌÍÎÏĨĪĬĮǏȈȊḬḮỈỊⅠⒾIⅡⅢIJⅣⅨƗƖJĴⒿJKĶǨḰḲḴⓀKƘLĹĻĽḶḸḺḼⅬⓁLĿLJŁȽMḾṀṂⅯⓂMNÑŃŅŇǸṄṆṈṊⓃNNJƝȠŊOÒÓÔÕÖŌŎŐƠǑǪǬȌȎȪȬȮȰṌṎṐṒỌỎỐỒỔỖỘỚỜỞỠỢⓄOŒØǾƆƟȢPṔṖⓅPƤQⓆQRŔŖŘȐȒṘṚṜṞⓇRƦSŚŜŞŠȘṠṢṤṦṨⓈSƩTŢŤȚṪṬṮṰⓉTŦƬƮUÙÚÛÜŨŪŬŮŰŲƯǓǕǗǙǛȔȖṲṴṶṸṺỤỦỨỪỬỮỰⓊUɄƜƱVṼṾⅤⓋVⅥⅦⅧƲɅWŴẀẂẄẆẈⓌWXẊẌⅩⓍXⅪⅫYÝŸŶȲẎỲỴỶỸⓎYƳZŹŻŽẐẒẔⓏZƵȤǮƷƸȜÞǷƧƼƄΆΑἈἉἊἋἌἍἎἏᾺΆᾈᾉᾊᾋᾌᾍᾎᾏᾸᾹᾼΒΓΔΈΕἘἙἚἛἜἝῈΈϜϚΖΉΗἨἩἪἫἬἭἮἯῊΉᾘᾙᾚᾛᾜᾝᾞᾟῌΘΪἸἹἺἻἼἽἾἿῚΊῘῙΚϏΛΜΝΞΟΌὈὉὊὋὌὍῸΌΠϞϘΡῬΣϹΤΥΫΎὙὛὝὟῪΎῨῩΦΧΨΩΏὨὩὪὫὬὭὮὯῺΏᾨᾩᾪᾫᾬᾭᾮᾯῼϠϷϺϢϤϦϨϪϬϮАӐӒӘӚӔБВГҐҒҔДԀЂԂЃҘЕЀЁӖЄЖӁӜҖЗԄӞЅӠԆИЍӢҊӤІЇЙЈКҚӃҠҞҜЛӅЉԈМӍНӉҢӇҤЊԊОӦӨӪПҦҀРҎСԌҪТԎҬЋЌУӮЎӰӲҮҰѸФХҲҺѠѾѼѺЦҴЧӴҶӋҸҼҾЏШЩЪЫӸЬҌѢЭӬЮЯѤѦѪѨѬѮѰѲѴѶҨԱԲԳԴԵԶԷԸԹԺԻԼԽԾԿՀՁՂՃՄՅՆՇՈՉՊՋՌՍՎՏՐՑՒՓՔՕՖȻɁɆɈɊɌɎͰͲͶϽϾϿӀӶӺӼӾԐԒԔԖԘԚԜԞԠԢԤꝽⱣỺỼỾℲↃⰀⰁⰂⰃⰄⰅⰆⰇⰈⰉⰊⰋⰌⰍⰎⰏⰐⰑⰒⰓⰔⰕⰖⰗⰘⰙⰚⰛⰜⰝⰞⰟⰠⰡⰢⰣⰤⰥⰦⰧⰨⰩⰪⰫⰬⰭⰮⱠⱧⱩⱫⱲⱵⲀⲂⲄⲆⲈⲊⲌⲎⲐⲒⲔⲖⲘⲚⲜⲞⲠⲢⲤⲦⲨⲪⲬⲮⲰⲲⲴⲶⲸⲺⲼⲾⳀⳂⳄⳆⳈⳊⳌⳎⳐⳒⳔⳖⳘⳚⳜⳞⳠⳢⳫⳭႠႡႢႣႤႥႦႧႨႩႪႫႬႭႮႯႰႱႲႳႴႵႶႷႸႹႺႻႼႽႾႿჀჁჂჃჄჅꙀꙂꙄꙆꙈꙊꙌꙎꙐꙒꙔꙖꙘꙚꙜꙞꙢꙤꙦꙨꙪꙬꚀꚂꚄꚆꚈꚊꚌꚎꚐꚒꚔꚖꜢꜤꜦꜨꜪꜬꜮꜲꜴꜶꜸꜺꜼꜾꝀꝂꝄꝆꝈꝊꝌꝎꝐꝒꝔꝖꝘꝚꝜꝞꝠꝢꝤꝦꝨꝪꝬꝮꝹꝻꝾꞀꞂꞄꞆꞋ';
49
50	// Alphabet for the currently selected locale
51	private static $alphabet_lower = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';
52	private static $alphabet_upper = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';
53
54	// Lookup table to convert unicode code-points into scripts.
55	// See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode_block
56	// Note: we only need details for scripts of languages into which webtrees is translated.
57	private static $scripts = array(
58		array('Latn', 0x0041, 0x005A), // a-z
59		array('Latn', 0x0061, 0x007A), // A-Z
60		array('Latn', 0x0100, 0x02AF),
61		array('Grek', 0x0370, 0x03FF),
62		array('Cyrl', 0x0400, 0x052F),
63		array('Hebr', 0x0590, 0x05FF),
64		array('Arab', 0x0600, 0x06FF),
65		array('Arab', 0x0750, 0x077F),
66		array('Arab', 0x08A0, 0x08FF),
67		array('Deva', 0x0900, 0x097F),
68		array('Taml', 0x0B80, 0x0BFF),
69		array('Sinh', 0x0D80, 0x0DFF),
70		array('Thai', 0x0E00, 0x0E7F),
71		array('Geor', 0x10A0, 0x10FF),
72		array('Grek', 0x1F00, 0x1FFF),
73		array('Deva', 0xA8E0, 0xA8FF),
74		array('Hans', 0x3000, 0x303F), // Mixed CJK, not just Hans
75		array('Hans', 0x3400, 0xFAFF), // Mixed CJK, not just Hans
76		array('Hans', 0x20000, 0x2FA1F), // Mixed CJK, not just Hans
77	);
78
79	// Characters that are displayed in mirror form in RTL text.
80	private static $mirror_characters = array(
81		'('   => ')',
82		')'   => '(',
83		'['   => ']',
84		']'   => '[',
85		'{'   => '}',
86		'}'   => '{',
87		'<'   => '>',
88		'>'   => '<',
89		'‹' => '›',
90		'›' => '‹',
91		'«'  => '»',
92		'»'  => '«',
93		'﴾' => '﴿',
94		'﴿' => '﴾',
95		'“' => '”',
96		'”' => '“',
97		'‘' => '’',
98		'’' => '‘',
99	);
100
101	/** @var string Punctuation used to separate list items, typically a comma */
102	public static $list_separator;
103
104	/**
105	 * The prefered locales for this site, or a default list if no preference.
106	 *
107	 * @return LocaleInterface[]
108	 */
109	public static function activeLocales() {
110		$code_list = Site::getPreference('LANGUAGES');
111
112		if ($code_list) {
113			$codes = explode(',', $code_list);
114		} else {
115			$codes = array(
116				'ar', 'bg', 'bs', 'ca', 'cs', 'da', 'de', 'el', 'en-GB', 'en-US', 'es',
117				'et', 'fi', 'fr', 'he', 'hr', 'hu', 'is', 'it', 'ka', 'lt', 'mr', 'nb',
118				'nl', 'nn', 'pl', 'pt', 'ru', 'sk', 'sv', 'tr', 'uk', 'vi', 'zh-Hans',
119			);
120		}
121
122		$locales = array();
123		foreach ($codes as $code) {
124			if (file_exists(WT_ROOT . 'language/' . $code . '.mo')) {
125				try {
126					$locales[] = Locale::create($code);
127				} catch (\Exception $ex) {
128					// No such locale exists?
129				}
130			}
131		}
132		usort($locales, '\Fisharebest\Localization\Locale::compare');
133
134		return $locales;
135	}
136
137	/**
138	 * Which MySQL collation should be used for this locale?
139	 *
140	 * @return string
141	 */
142	public static function collation() {
143		$collation = self::$locale->collation();
144		switch ($collation) {
145		case 'croatian_ci':
146		case 'german2_ci':
147		case 'vietnamese_ci':
148			// Only available in MySQL 5.6
149			return 'utf8_unicode_ci';
150		default:
151			return 'utf8_' . $collation;
152		}
153	}
154
155	/**
156	 * What format is used to display dates in the current locale?
157	 *
158	 * @return string
159	 */
160	public static function dateFormat() {
161		return /* I18N: This is the format string for full dates.  See http://php.net/date for codes */ self::$translator->translate('%j %F %Y');
162	}
163
164	/**
165	 * Generate consistent I18N for datatables.js
166	 *
167	 * @param array|null $lengths An optional array of page lengths
168	 *
169	 * @return string
170	 */
171	public static function datatablesI18N(array $lengths = null) {
172		if ($lengths === null) {
173			$lengths = array(10, 20, 30, 50, 100, -1);
174		}
175
176		$length_menu = '';
177		foreach ($lengths as $length) {
178			$length_menu .=
179				'<option value="' . $length . '">' .
180				($length === -1 ? /* I18N: listbox option, e.g. “10,25,50,100,all” */ self::translate('All') : self::number($length)) .
181				'</option>';
182		}
183		$length_menu = '<select>' . $length_menu . '</select>';
184		$length_menu = /* I18N: Display %s [records per page], %s is a placeholder for listbox containing numeric options */ self::translate('Display %s', $length_menu);
185
186		$digits = self::$locale->digits('0123456789');
187		if ($digits === '0123456789') {
188			$callback = '';
189		} else {
190			$callback = ',
191				"infoCallback": function(oSettings, iStart, iEnd, iMax, iTotal, sPre) {
192					return sPre
193						.replace(/0/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 0, 1) . '")
194						.replace(/1/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 1, 1) . '")
195						.replace(/2/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 2, 1) . '")
196						.replace(/3/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 3, 1) . '")
197						.replace(/4/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 4, 1) . '")
198						.replace(/5/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 5, 1) . '")
199						.replace(/6/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 6, 1) . '")
200						.replace(/7/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 7, 1) . '")
201						.replace(/8/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 8, 1) . '")
202						.replace(/9/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 9, 1) . '");
203				},
204				"formatNumber": function(iIn) {
205					return String(iIn)
206						.replace(/0/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 0, 1) . '")
207						.replace(/1/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 1, 1) . '")
208						.replace(/2/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 2, 1) . '")
209						.replace(/3/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 3, 1) . '")
210						.replace(/4/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 4, 1) . '")
211						.replace(/5/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 5, 1) . '")
212						.replace(/6/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 6, 1) . '")
213						.replace(/7/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 7, 1) . '")
214						.replace(/8/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 8, 1) . '")
215						.replace(/9/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 9, 1) . '");
216				}
217			';
218		}
219
220		return
221			'"language": {' .
222			' "paginate": {' .
223			'  "first":    "' . /* I18N: button label, first page    */ self::translate('first') . '",' .
224			'  "last":     "' . /* I18N: button label, last page     */ self::translate('last') . '",' .
225			'  "next":     "' . /* I18N: button label, next page     */ self::translate('next') . '",' .
226			'  "previous": "' . /* I18N: button label, previous page */ self::translate('previous') . '"' .
227			' },' .
228			' "emptyTable":     "' . self::translate('No records to display') . '",' .
229			' "info":           "' . /* I18N: %s are placeholders for numbers */ self::translate('Showing %1$s to %2$s of %3$s', '_START_', '_END_', '_TOTAL_') . '",' .
230			' "infoEmpty":      "' . self::translate('Showing %1$s to %2$s of %3$s', 0, 0, 0) . '",' .
231			' "infoFiltered":   "' . /* I18N: %s is a placeholder for a number */ self::translate('(filtered from %s total entries)', '_MAX_') . '",' .
232			' "infoPostfix":    "",' .
233			' "lengthMenu":     "' . Filter::escapeJs($length_menu) . '",' .
234			' "loadingRecords": "' . self::translate('Loading…') . '",' .
235			' "processing":     "' . self::translate('Loading…') . '",' .
236			' "search":         "' . self::translate('Filter') . '",' .
237			' "url":            "",' .
238			' "zeroRecords":    "' . self::translate('No records to display') . '"' .
239			'}' .
240			$callback;
241	}
242
243	/**
244	 * Convert the digits 0-9 into the local script
245	 *
246	 * Used for years, etc., where we do not want thousands-separators, decimals, etc.
247	 *
248	 * @param int $n
249	 *
250	 * @return string
251	 */
252	public static function digits($n) {
253		return self::$locale->digits($n);
254	}
255
256	/**
257	 * What is the direction of the current locale
258	 *
259	 * @return string "ltr" or "rtl"
260	 */
261	public static function direction() {
262		return self::$locale->direction();
263	}
264
265	/**
266	 * What is the first day of the week.
267	 *
268	 * @return int Sunday=0, Monday=1, etc.
269	 */
270	public static function firstDay() {
271		return self::$locale->territory()->firstDay();
272	}
273
274	/**
275	 * Convert a GEDCOM age string into translated_text
276	 *
277	 * NB: The import function will have normalised this, so we don't need
278	 * to worry about badly formatted strings
279	 * NOTE: this function is not yet complete - eventually it will replace get_age_at_event()
280	 *
281	 * @param $string
282	 *
283	 * @return string
284	 */
285	public static function gedcomAge($string) {
286		switch ($string) {
287			case 'STILLBORN':
288				// I18N: Description of an individual’s age at an event.  For example, Died 14 Jan 1900 (stillborn)
289				return self::translate('(stillborn)');
290			case 'INFANT':
291				// I18N: Description of an individual’s age at an event.  For example, Died 14 Jan 1900 (in infancy)
292				return self::translate('(in infancy)');
293			case 'CHILD':
294				// I18N: Description of an individual’s age at an event.  For example, Died 14 Jan 1900 (in childhood)
295				return self::translate('(in childhood)');
296		}
297		$age = array();
298		if (preg_match('/(\d+)y/', $string, $match)) {
299			// I18N: Part of an age string. e.g. 5 years, 4 months and 3 days
300			$years = $match[1];
301			$age[] = self::plural('%s year', '%s years', $years, self::number($years));
302		} else {
303			$years = -1;
304		}
305		if (preg_match('/(\d+)m/', $string, $match)) {
306			// I18N: Part of an age string. e.g. 5 years, 4 months and 3 days
307			$age[] = self::plural('%s month', '%s months', $match[1], self::number($match[1]));
308		}
309		if (preg_match('/(\d+)w/', $string, $match)) {
310			// I18N: Part of an age string. e.g. 7 weeks and 3 days
311			$age[] = self::plural('%s week', '%s weeks', $match[1], self::number($match[1]));
312		}
313		if (preg_match('/(\d+)d/', $string, $match)) {
314			// I18N: Part of an age string. e.g. 5 years, 4 months and 3 days
315			$age[] = self::plural('%s day', '%s days', $match[1], self::number($match[1]));
316		}
317		// If an age is just a number of years, only show the number
318		if (count($age) === 1 && $years >= 0) {
319			$age = $years;
320		}
321		if ($age) {
322			if (!substr_compare($string, '<', 0, 1)) {
323				// I18N: Description of an individual’s age at an event.  For example, Died 14 Jan 1900 (aged less than 21 years)
324				return self::translate('(aged less than %s)', $age);
325			} elseif (!substr_compare($string, '>', 0, 1)) {
326				// I18N: Description of an individual’s age at an event.  For example, Died 14 Jan 1900 (aged more than 21 years)
327				return self::translate('(aged more than %s)', $age);
328			} else {
329				// I18N: Description of an individual’s age at an event.  For example, Died 14 Jan 1900 (aged 43 years)
330				return self::translate('(aged %s)', $age);
331			}
332		} else {
333			// Not a valid string?
334			return self::translate('(aged %s)', $string);
335		}
336	}
337
338	/**
339	 * Generate i18n markup for the <html> tag, e.g. lang="ar" dir="rtl"
340	 *
341	 * @return string
342	 */
343	public static function htmlAttributes() {
344		return self::$locale->htmlAttributes();
345	}
346
347	/**
348	 * Initialise the translation adapter with a locale setting.
349	 *
350	 * @param string|null $code Use this locale/language code, or choose one automatically
351	 *
352	 * @return string $string
353	 */
354	public static function init($code = null) {
355		global $WT_TREE;
356
357		if ($code !== null) {
358			// Create the specified locale
359			self::$locale = Locale::create($code);
360		} else {
361			// Negotiate a locale, but if we can't then use a failsafe
362			self::$locale = new LocaleEnUs;
363			if (Filter::get('lang')) {
364				// A request in the URL
365				try {
366					$locale = Locale::create(Filter::get('lang'));
367					if (file_exists(WT_ROOT . 'language/' . $locale->languageTag() . '.mo')) {
368						self::$locale = $locale;
369					}
370				} catch (\Exception $ex) {
371				}
372			} elseif (Session::has('locale')) {
373				// Previously used
374				self::$locale = Locale::create(Session::get('locale'));
375			} else {
376				// Browser negotiation
377				$default_locale = new LocaleEnUs;
378				try {
379					if ($WT_TREE) {
380						$default_locale = Locale::create($WT_TREE->getPreference('LANGUAGE'));
381					}
382				} catch (\Exception $ex) {
383				}
384				self::$locale = Locale::httpAcceptLanguage($_SERVER, self::installedLocales(), $default_locale);
385			}
386		}
387
388		File::mkdir(WT_DATA_DIR . 'cache');
389		$cache_file = WT_DATA_DIR . 'cache/language-' . self::$locale->languageTag() . '-cache.php';
390		if (file_exists($cache_file)) {
391			$filemtime = filemtime($cache_file);
392		} else {
393			$filemtime = 0;
394		}
395
396		// Load the translation file(s)
397		// Note that glob() returns false instead of an empty array when open_basedir_restriction
398		// is in force and no files are found.  See PHP bug #47358.
399		$translation_files = array_merge(
400			array(WT_ROOT . 'language/' . self::$locale->languageTag() . '.mo'),
401			glob(WT_MODULES_DIR . '*/language/' . self::$locale->languageTag() . '.{csv,php,mo}', GLOB_BRACE) ?: array(),
402			glob(WT_DATA_DIR . 'language/' . self::$locale->languageTag() . '.{csv,php,mo}', GLOB_BRACE) ?: array()
403		);
404
405		// Rebuild files after 2 hours
406		$rebuild_cache = time() > $filemtime + 7200;
407		// Rebuild files if any translation file has been updated
408		foreach ($translation_files as $translation_file) {
409			if (filemtime($translation_file) > $filemtime) {
410				$rebuild_cache = true;
411				break;
412			}
413		}
414
415		if ($rebuild_cache) {
416			$translations = array();
417			foreach ($translation_files as $translation_file) {
418				$translation  = new Translation($translation_file);
419				$translations = array_merge($translations, $translation->asArray());
420			}
421			file_put_contents($cache_file, '<' . '?php return ' . var_export($translations, true) . ';');
422		} else {
423			$translations = include $cache_file;
424		}
425
426		// Create a translator
427		self::$translator = new Translator($translations, self::$locale->pluralRule());
428
429		// Alphabetic sorting sequence (upper-case letters), used by webtrees to sort strings
430		list(, self::$alphabet_upper) = explode('=', self::$translator->translate('ALPHABET_upper=ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'));
431		// Alphabetic sorting sequence (lower-case letters), used by webtrees to sort strings
432		list(, self::$alphabet_lower) = explode('=', self::$translator->translate('ALPHABET_lower=abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'));
433
434		global $WEEK_START;
435		$WEEK_START = self::$locale->territory()->firstDay();
436
437		self::$list_separator = /* I18N: This punctuation is used to separate lists of items */ self::translate(', ');
438
439		return self::$locale->languageTag();
440	}
441
442	/**
443	 * All locales for which a translation file exists.
444	 *
445	 * @return LocaleInterface[]
446	 */
447	public static function installedLocales() {
448		$locales = array();
449		foreach (glob(WT_ROOT . 'language/*.mo') as $file) {
450			try {
451				$locales[] = Locale::create(basename($file, '.mo'));
452			} catch (\Exception $ex) {
453				// Not a recognised locale
454			}
455		}
456		usort($locales, '\Fisharebest\Localization\Locale::compare');
457
458		return $locales;
459	}
460
461	/**
462	 * Return the endonym for a given language - as per http://cldr.unicode.org/
463	 *
464	 * @param string $locale
465	 *
466	 * @return string
467	 */
468	public static function languageName($locale) {
469		return Locale::create($locale)->endonym();
470	}
471
472	/**
473	 * Return the script used by a given language
474	 *
475	 * @param string $locale
476	 *
477	 * @return string
478	 */
479	public static function languageScript($locale) {
480		return Locale::create($locale)->script()->code();
481	}
482
483	/**
484	 * Translate a number into the local representation.
485	 *
486	 * e.g. 12345.67 becomes
487	 * en: 12,345.67
488	 * fr: 12 345,67
489	 * de: 12.345,67
490	 *
491	 * @param float $n
492	 * @param int   $precision
493	 *
494	 * @return string
495	 */
496	public static function number($n, $precision = 0) {
497		return self::$locale->number(round($n, $precision));
498	}
499
500	/**
501	 * Translate a fraction into a percentage.
502	 *
503	 * e.g. 0.123 becomes
504	 * en: 12.3%
505	 * fr: 12,3 %
506	 * de: 12,3%
507	 *
508	 * @param float $n
509	 * @param int   $precision
510	 *
511	 * @return string
512	 */
513	public static function percentage($n, $precision = 0) {
514		return self::$locale->percent(round($n, $precision + 2));
515	}
516
517	/**
518	 * Translate a plural string
519	 *
520	 * echo self::plural('There is an error', 'There are errors', $num_errors);
521	 * echo self::plural('There is one error', 'There are %s errors', $num_errors);
522	 * echo self::plural('There is %1$s %2$s cat', 'There are %1$s %2$s cats', $num, $num, $colour);
523	 *
524	 * @return string
525	 */
526	public static function plural(/* var_args */) {
527		$args    = func_get_args();
528		$args[0] = self::$translator->translatePlural($args[0], $args[1], (int) $args[2]);
529		unset($args[1], $args[2]);
530
531		return self::substitutePlaceholders($args);
532	}
533
534	/**
535	 * UTF8 version of PHP::strrev()
536	 *
537	 * Reverse RTL text for third-party libraries such as GD2 and googlechart.
538	 *
539	 * These do not support UTF8 text direction, so we must mimic it for them.
540	 *
541	 * Numbers are always rendered LTR, even in RTL text.
542	 * The visual direction of characters such as parentheses should be reversed.
543	 *
544	 * @param string $text Text to be reversed
545	 *
546	 * @return string
547	 */
548	public static function reverseText($text) {
549		// Remove HTML markup - we can't display it and it is LTR.
550		$text = Filter::unescapeHtml($text);
551
552		// LTR text doesn't need reversing
553		if (self::scriptDirection(self::textScript($text)) === 'ltr') {
554			return $text;
555		}
556
557		// Mirrored characters
558		$text = strtr($text, self::$mirror_characters);
559
560		$reversed = '';
561		$digits   = '';
562		while ($text != '') {
563			$letter = mb_substr($text, 0, 1);
564			$text   = mb_substr($text, 1);
565			if (strpos(self::DIGITS, $letter) !== false) {
566				$digits .= $letter;
567			} else {
568				$reversed = $letter . $digits . $reversed;
569				$digits   = '';
570			}
571		}
572
573		return $digits . $reversed;
574	}
575
576	/**
577	 * Return the direction (ltr or rtl) for a given script
578	 *
579	 * The PHP/intl library does not provde this information, so we need
580	 * our own lookup table.
581	 *
582	 * @param string $script
583	 *
584	 * @return string
585	 */
586	public static function scriptDirection($script) {
587		switch ($script) {
588		case 'Arab':
589		case 'Hebr':
590		case 'Mong':
591		case 'Thaa':
592			return 'rtl';
593		default:
594			return 'ltr';
595		}
596	}
597
598	/**
599	 * UTF8 version of PHP::strcasecmp()
600	 *
601	 * Perform a case-insensitive comparison of two strings, using rules from the current locale
602	 *
603	 * @param string $string1
604	 * @param string $string2
605	 *
606	 * @return int
607	 */
608	public static function strcasecmp($string1, $string2) {
609		$strpos1 = 0;
610		$strpos2 = 0;
611		$strlen1 = strlen($string1);
612		$strlen2 = strlen($string2);
613		while ($strpos1 < $strlen1 && $strpos2 < $strlen2) {
614			$byte1 = ord($string1[$strpos1]);
615			$byte2 = ord($string2[$strpos2]);
616			if (($byte1 & 0xE0) === 0xC0) {
617				$chr1 = $string1[$strpos1++] . $string1[$strpos1++];
618			} elseif (($byte1 & 0xF0) === 0xE0) {
619				$chr1 = $string1[$strpos1++] . $string1[$strpos1++] . $string1[$strpos1++];
620			} else {
621				$chr1 = $string1[$strpos1++];
622			}
623			if (($byte2 & 0xE0) === 0xC0) {
624				$chr2 = $string2[$strpos2++] . $string2[$strpos2++];
625			} elseif (($byte2 & 0xF0) === 0xE0) {
626				$chr2 = $string2[$strpos2++] . $string2[$strpos2++] . $string2[$strpos2++];
627			} else {
628				$chr2 = $string2[$strpos2++];
629			}
630			if ($chr1 === $chr2) {
631				continue;
632			}
633			// Try the local alphabet first
634			$offset1 = strpos(self::$alphabet_lower, $chr1);
635			if ($offset1 === false) {
636				$offset1 = strpos(self::$alphabet_upper, $chr1);
637			}
638			$offset2 = strpos(self::$alphabet_lower, $chr2);
639			if ($offset2 === false) {
640				$offset2 = strpos(self::$alphabet_upper, $chr2);
641			}
642			if ($offset1 !== false && $offset2 !== false) {
643				if ($offset1 === $offset2) {
644					continue;
645				} else {
646					return $offset1 - $offset2;
647				}
648			}
649			// Try the global alphabet next
650			$offset1 = strpos(self::ALPHABET_LOWER, $chr1);
651			if ($offset1 === false) {
652				$offset1 = strpos(self::ALPHABET_UPPER, $chr1);
653			}
654			$offset2 = strpos(self::ALPHABET_LOWER, $chr2);
655			if ($offset2 === false) {
656				$offset2 = strpos(self::ALPHABET_UPPER, $chr2);
657			}
658			if ($offset1 !== false && $offset2 !== false) {
659				if ($offset1 === $offset2) {
660					continue;
661				} else {
662					return $offset1 - $offset2;
663				}
664			}
665			// Just compare by unicode order
666			return strcmp($chr1, $chr2);
667		}
668		// Shortest string comes first.
669		return ($strlen1 - $strpos1) - ($strlen2 - $strpos2);
670	}
671
672	/**
673	 * UTF8 version of PHP::strtolower()
674	 *
675	 * Convert a string to lower case, using the rules from the current locale
676	 *
677	 * @param string $string
678	 *
679	 * @return string
680	 */
681	public static function strtolower($string) {
682		if (self::$locale->language()->code() === 'tr' || self::$locale->language()->code() === 'az') {
683			return TurkishUtf8::strtolower($string);
684		} else {
685			return mb_strtolower($string);
686		}
687	}
688
689	/**
690	 * UTF8 version of PHP::strtoupper()
691	 *
692	 * Convert a string to upper case, using the rules from the current locale
693	 *
694	 * @param string $string
695	 *
696	 * @return string
697	 */
698	public static function strtoupper($string) {
699		if (self::$locale->language()->code() === 'tr' || self::$locale->language()->code() === 'az') {
700			return TurkishUtf8::strtoupper($string);
701		} else {
702			return mb_strtoupper($string);
703		}
704	}
705
706	/**
707	 * Substitute any "%s" placeholders in a translated string.
708	 * This also allows us to have translated strings that contain
709	 * "%" characters, which can't be passed to sprintf.
710	 *
711	 * @param string[] $args translated string plus optional parameters
712	 *
713	 * @return string
714	 */
715	private static function substitutePlaceholders(array $args) {
716		if (count($args) > 1) {
717			return call_user_func_array('sprintf', $args);
718		} else {
719			return $args[0];
720		}
721	}
722
723	/**
724	 * Identify the script used for a piece of text
725	 *
726	 * @param $string
727	 *
728	 * @return string
729	 */
730	public static function textScript($string) {
731		$string = strip_tags($string); // otherwise HTML tags show up as latin
732		$string = html_entity_decode($string, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8'); // otherwise HTML entities show up as latin
733		$string = str_replace(array('@N.N.', '@P.N.'), '', $string); // otherwise unknown names show up as latin
734		$pos    = 0;
735		$strlen = strlen($string);
736		while ($pos < $strlen) {
737			// get the Unicode Code Point for the character at position $pos
738			$byte1 = ord($string[$pos]);
739			if ($byte1 < 0x80) {
740				$code_point = $byte1;
741				$chrlen     = 1;
742			} elseif ($byte1 < 0xC0) {
743				// Invalid continuation character
744				return 'Latn';
745			} elseif ($byte1 < 0xE0) {
746				$code_point = (($byte1 & 0x1F) << 6) + (ord($string[$pos + 1]) & 0x3F);
747				$chrlen     = 2;
748			} elseif ($byte1 < 0xF0) {
749				$code_point = (($byte1 & 0x0F) << 12) + ((ord($string[$pos + 1]) & 0x3F) << 6) + (ord($string[$pos + 2]) & 0x3F);
750				$chrlen     = 3;
751			} elseif ($byte1 < 0xF8) {
752				$code_point = (($byte1 & 0x07) << 24) + ((ord($string[$pos + 1]) & 0x3F) << 12) + ((ord($string[$pos + 2]) & 0x3F) << 6) + (ord($string[$pos + 3]) & 0x3F);
753				$chrlen     = 3;
754			} else {
755				// Invalid UTF
756				return 'Latn';
757			}
758
759			foreach (self::$scripts as $range) {
760				if ($code_point >= $range[1] && $code_point <= $range[2]) {
761					return $range[0];
762				}
763			}
764			// Not a recognised script.  Maybe punctuation, spacing, etc.  Keep looking.
765			$pos += $chrlen;
766		}
767
768		return 'Latn';
769	}
770
771	/**
772	 * Convert a number of seconds into a relative time.  For example, 630 => "10 hours, 30 minutes ago"
773	 *
774	 * @param int $seconds
775	 *
776	 * @return string
777	 */
778	public static function timeAgo($seconds) {
779		$minute = 60;
780		$hour   = 60 * $minute;
781		$day    = 24 * $hour;
782		$month  = 30 * $day;
783		$year   = 365 * $day;
784
785		if ($seconds > $year) {
786			$years = (int) ($seconds / $year);
787
788			return self::plural('%s year ago', '%s years ago', $years, self::number($years));
789		} elseif ($seconds > $month) {
790			$months = (int) ($seconds / $month);
791
792			return self::plural('%s month ago', '%s months ago', $months, self::number($months));
793		} elseif ($seconds > $day) {
794			$days = (int) ($seconds / $day);
795
796			return self::plural('%s day ago', '%s days ago', $days, self::number($days));
797		} elseif ($seconds > $hour) {
798			$hours = (int) ($seconds / $hour);
799
800			return self::plural('%s hour ago', '%s hours ago', $hours, self::number($hours));
801		} elseif ($seconds > $minute) {
802			$minutes = (int) ($seconds / $minute);
803
804			return self::plural('%s minute ago', '%s minutes ago', $minutes, self::number($minutes));
805		} else {
806			return self::plural('%s second ago', '%s seconds ago', $seconds, self::number($seconds));
807		}
808	}
809
810	/**
811	 * What format is used to display dates in the current locale?
812	 *
813	 * @return string
814	 */
815	public static function timeFormat() {
816		return /* I18N: This is the format string for the time-of-day.  See http://php.net/date for codes */ self::$translator->translate('%H:%i:%s');
817	}
818
819	/**
820	 * Translate a string, and then substitute placeholders
821	 *
822	 * echo I18N::translate('Hello World!');
823	 * echo I18N::translate('The %s sat on the mat', 'cat');
824	 *
825	 * @return string
826	 */
827	public static function translate(/* var_args */) {
828		$args    = func_get_args();
829		$args[0] = self::$translator->translate($args[0]);
830
831		return self::substitutePlaceholders($args);
832	}
833
834	/**
835	 * Context sensitive version of translate.
836	 *
837	 * echo I18N::translate_c('NOMINATIVE', 'January');
838	 * echo I18N::translate_c('GENITIVE',   'January');
839	 *
840	 * @return string
841	 */
842	public static function translateContext(/* var_args */) {
843		$args    = func_get_args();
844		$args[0] = self::$translator->translateContext($args[0], $args[1]);
845		unset($args[1]);
846
847		return self::substitutePlaceholders($args);
848	}
849
850	/**
851	 * What is the last day of the weekend.
852	 *
853	 * @return int Sunday=0, Monday=1, etc.
854	 */
855	public static function weekendEnd() {
856		return self::$locale->territory()->weekendEnd();
857	}
858
859	/**
860	 * What is the first day of the weekend.
861	 *
862	 * @return int Sunday=0, Monday=1, etc.
863	 */
864	public static function weekendStart() {
865		return self::$locale->territory()->weekendStart();
866	}
867
868	/**
869	 * Which calendar prefered in this locale?
870	 *
871	 * @return CalendarInterface
872	 */
873	public static function defaultCalendar() {
874		switch (self::$locale->languageTag()) {
875			case 'ar':
876				return new ArabicCalendar;
877			case 'fa':
878				return new PersianCalendar;
879			case 'he':
880			case 'yi':
881				return new JewishCalendar;
882			default:
883				return new GregorianCalendar;
884		}
885	}
886}
887