xref: /webtrees/app/I18N.php (revision 5ddad20b5ccfc7ce9e7e20436f26729a06be9a11)
1<?php
2/**
3 * webtrees: online genealogy
4 * Copyright (C) 2015 webtrees development team
5 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
6 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
7 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
8 * (at your option) any later version.
9 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 * GNU General Public License for more details.
13 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
14 * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
15 */
16namespace Fisharebest\Webtrees;
17
18use Fisharebest\ExtCalendar\ArabicCalendar;
19use Fisharebest\ExtCalendar\CalendarInterface;
20use Fisharebest\ExtCalendar\GregorianCalendar;
21use Fisharebest\ExtCalendar\JewishCalendar;
22use Fisharebest\ExtCalendar\PersianCalendar;
23use Fisharebest\Localization\Locale;
24use Fisharebest\Localization\Locale\LocaleEnUs;
25use Fisharebest\Localization\Locale\LocaleInterface;
26use Fisharebest\Localization\Translation;
27use Fisharebest\Localization\Translator;
28
29/**
30 * Internationalization (i18n) and localization (l10n).
31 */
32class I18N {
33	/** @var LocaleInterface The current locale (e.g. LocaleEnGb) */
34	private static $locale;
35
36	/** @var Translator An object that performs translation*/
37	private static $translator;
38
39	// Digits are always rendered LTR, even in RTL text.
40	const DIGITS = '0123456789٠١٢٣٤٥٦٧٨٩۰۱۲۳۴۵۶۷۸۹';
41
42	// Reversable character conversions from the UNICODE 5.1 database.
43	// It excludes ambiguous (turkish dotless i) and mixed-case (Dz) characters.
44	// The characters should be arranged in default unicode-collation order.
45	const ALPHABET_LOWER = 'aàáâãäåāăąǎǟǡǻȁȃȧḁạảấầẩẫậắằẳẵặⓐaæǣǽbḃḅḇⓑbƀɓƃcçćĉċčḉⅽⓒcƈdďḋḍḏḑḓⅾⓓddždzđɖɗƌðeèéêëēĕėęěȅȇȩḕḗḙḛḝẹẻẽếềểễệⓔeǝəɛfḟⓕfƒgĝğġģǧǵḡⓖgǥɠɣƣhĥȟḣḥḧḩḫⓗhƕħiìíîïĩīĭįǐȉȋḭḯỉịⅰⓘiⅱⅲijⅳⅸɨɩjĵⓙjkķǩḱḳḵⓚkƙlĺļľḷḹḻḽⅼⓛlŀljłƚmḿṁṃⅿⓜmnñńņňǹṅṇṉṋⓝnnjɲƞŋoòóôõöōŏőơǒǫǭȍȏȫȭȯȱṍṏṑṓọỏốồổỗộớờởỡợⓞoœøǿɔɵȣpṕṗⓟpƥqⓠqrŕŗřȑȓṙṛṝṟⓡrʀsśŝşšșṡṣṥṧṩⓢsʃtţťțṫṭṯṱⓣtŧƭʈuùúûüũūŭůűųưǔǖǘǚǜȕȗṳṵṷṹṻụủứừửữựⓤuʉɯʊvṽṿⅴⓥvⅵⅶⅷʋʌwŵẁẃẅẇẉⓦwxẋẍⅹⓧxⅺⅻyýÿŷȳẏỳỵỷỹⓨyƴzźżžẑẓẕⓩzƶȥǯʒƹȝþƿƨƽƅάαἀἁἂἃἄἅἆἇὰάᾀᾁᾂᾃᾄᾅᾆᾇᾰᾱᾳβγδέεἐἑἒἓἔἕὲέϝϛζήηἠἡἢἣἤἥἦἧὴήᾐᾑᾒᾓᾔᾕᾖᾗῃθϊἰἱἲἳἴἵἶἷὶίῐῑκϗλμνξοόὀὁὂὃὄὅὸόπϟϙρῥσϲτυϋύὑὓὕὗὺύῠῡφχψωώὠὡὢὣὤὥὦὧὼώᾠᾡᾢᾣᾤᾥᾦᾧῳϡϸϻϣϥϧϩϫϭϯаӑӓәӛӕбвгґғҕдԁђԃѓҙеѐёӗєжӂӝҗзԅӟѕӡԇиѝӣҋӥіїйјкқӄҡҟҝлӆљԉмӎнӊңӈҥњԋоӧөӫпҧҁрҏсԍҫтԏҭћќуӯўӱӳүұѹфхҳһѡѿѽѻцҵчӵҷӌҹҽҿџшщъыӹьҍѣэӭюяѥѧѫѩѭѯѱѳѵѷҩաբգդեզէըթժիլխծկհձղճմյնշոչպջռսվտրցւփքօֆȼɂɇɉɋɍɏͱͳͷͻͼͽӏӷӻӽӿԑԓԕԗԙԛԝԟԡԣԥᵹᵽỻỽỿⅎↄⰰⰱⰲⰳⰴⰵⰶⰷⰸⰹⰺⰻⰼⰽⰾⰿⱀⱁⱂⱃⱄⱅⱆⱇⱈⱉⱊⱋⱌⱍⱎⱏⱐⱑⱒⱓⱔⱕⱖⱗⱘⱙⱚⱛⱜⱝⱞⱡⱨⱪⱬⱳⱶⲁⲃⲅⲇⲉⲋⲍⲏⲑⲓⲕⲗⲙⲛⲝⲟⲡⲣⲥⲧⲩⲫⲭⲯⲱⲳⲵⲷⲹⲻⲽⲿⳁⳃⳅⳇⳉⳋⳍⳏⳑⳓⳕⳗⳙⳛⳝⳟⳡⳣⳬⳮⴀⴁⴂⴃⴄⴅⴆⴇⴈⴉⴊⴋⴌⴍⴎⴏⴐⴑⴒⴓⴔⴕⴖⴗⴘⴙⴚⴛⴜⴝⴞⴟⴠⴡⴢⴣⴤⴥꙁꙃꙅꙇꙉꙋꙍꙏꙑꙓꙕꙗꙙꙛꙝꙟꙣꙥꙧꙩꙫꙭꚁꚃꚅꚇꚉꚋꚍꚏꚑꚓꚕꚗꜣꜥꜧꜩꜫꜭꜯꜳꜵꜷꜹꜻꜽꜿꝁꝃꝅꝇꝉꝋꝍꝏꝑꝓꝕꝗꝙꝛꝝꝟꝡꝣꝥꝧꝩꝫꝭꝯꝺꝼꝿꞁꞃꞅꞇꞌ';
46	const ALPHABET_UPPER = 'AÀÁÂÃÄÅĀĂĄǍǞǠǺȀȂȦḀẠẢẤẦẨẪẬẮẰẲẴẶⒶAÆǢǼBḂḄḆⒷBɃƁƂCÇĆĈĊČḈⅭⒸCƇDĎḊḌḎḐḒⅮⒹDDŽDZĐƉƊƋÐEÈÉÊËĒĔĖĘĚȄȆȨḔḖḘḚḜẸẺẼẾỀỂỄỆⒺEƎƏƐFḞⒻFƑGĜĞĠĢǦǴḠⒼGǤƓƔƢHĤȞḢḤḦḨḪⒽHǶĦIÌÍÎÏĨĪĬĮǏȈȊḬḮỈỊⅠⒾIⅡⅢIJⅣⅨƗƖJĴⒿJKĶǨḰḲḴⓀKƘLĹĻĽḶḸḺḼⅬⓁLĿLJŁȽMḾṀṂⅯⓂMNÑŃŅŇǸṄṆṈṊⓃNNJƝȠŊOÒÓÔÕÖŌŎŐƠǑǪǬȌȎȪȬȮȰṌṎṐṒỌỎỐỒỔỖỘỚỜỞỠỢⓄOŒØǾƆƟȢPṔṖⓅPƤQⓆQRŔŖŘȐȒṘṚṜṞⓇRƦSŚŜŞŠȘṠṢṤṦṨⓈSƩTŢŤȚṪṬṮṰⓉTŦƬƮUÙÚÛÜŨŪŬŮŰŲƯǓǕǗǙǛȔȖṲṴṶṸṺỤỦỨỪỬỮỰⓊUɄƜƱVṼṾⅤⓋVⅥⅦⅧƲɅWŴẀẂẄẆẈⓌWXẊẌⅩⓍXⅪⅫYÝŸŶȲẎỲỴỶỸⓎYƳZŹŻŽẐẒẔⓏZƵȤǮƷƸȜÞǷƧƼƄΆΑἈἉἊἋἌἍἎἏᾺΆᾈᾉᾊᾋᾌᾍᾎᾏᾸᾹᾼΒΓΔΈΕἘἙἚἛἜἝῈΈϜϚΖΉΗἨἩἪἫἬἭἮἯῊΉᾘᾙᾚᾛᾜᾝᾞᾟῌΘΪἸἹἺἻἼἽἾἿῚΊῘῙΚϏΛΜΝΞΟΌὈὉὊὋὌὍῸΌΠϞϘΡῬΣϹΤΥΫΎὙὛὝὟῪΎῨῩΦΧΨΩΏὨὩὪὫὬὭὮὯῺΏᾨᾩᾪᾫᾬᾭᾮᾯῼϠϷϺϢϤϦϨϪϬϮАӐӒӘӚӔБВГҐҒҔДԀЂԂЃҘЕЀЁӖЄЖӁӜҖЗԄӞЅӠԆИЍӢҊӤІЇЙЈКҚӃҠҞҜЛӅЉԈМӍНӉҢӇҤЊԊОӦӨӪПҦҀРҎСԌҪТԎҬЋЌУӮЎӰӲҮҰѸФХҲҺѠѾѼѺЦҴЧӴҶӋҸҼҾЏШЩЪЫӸЬҌѢЭӬЮЯѤѦѪѨѬѮѰѲѴѶҨԱԲԳԴԵԶԷԸԹԺԻԼԽԾԿՀՁՂՃՄՅՆՇՈՉՊՋՌՍՎՏՐՑՒՓՔՕՖȻɁɆɈɊɌɎͰͲͶϽϾϿӀӶӺӼӾԐԒԔԖԘԚԜԞԠԢԤꝽⱣỺỼỾℲↃⰀⰁⰂⰃⰄⰅⰆⰇⰈⰉⰊⰋⰌⰍⰎⰏⰐⰑⰒⰓⰔⰕⰖⰗⰘⰙⰚⰛⰜⰝⰞⰟⰠⰡⰢⰣⰤⰥⰦⰧⰨⰩⰪⰫⰬⰭⰮⱠⱧⱩⱫⱲⱵⲀⲂⲄⲆⲈⲊⲌⲎⲐⲒⲔⲖⲘⲚⲜⲞⲠⲢⲤⲦⲨⲪⲬⲮⲰⲲⲴⲶⲸⲺⲼⲾⳀⳂⳄⳆⳈⳊⳌⳎⳐⳒⳔⳖⳘⳚⳜⳞⳠⳢⳫⳭႠႡႢႣႤႥႦႧႨႩႪႫႬႭႮႯႰႱႲႳႴႵႶႷႸႹႺႻႼႽႾႿჀჁჂჃჄჅꙀꙂꙄꙆꙈꙊꙌꙎꙐꙒꙔꙖꙘꙚꙜꙞꙢꙤꙦꙨꙪꙬꚀꚂꚄꚆꚈꚊꚌꚎꚐꚒꚔꚖꜢꜤꜦꜨꜪꜬꜮꜲꜴꜶꜸꜺꜼꜾꝀꝂꝄꝆꝈꝊꝌꝎꝐꝒꝔꝖꝘꝚꝜꝞꝠꝢꝤꝦꝨꝪꝬꝮꝹꝻꝾꞀꞂꞄꞆꞋ';
47
48	/** @var string Alphabet, in lower case, for the current locale. */
49	private static $alphabet_lower = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';
50
51	/** @var string Alphabet, in upper case, for the current locale. */
52	private static $alphabet_upper = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';
53
54	/** @var int[][] Character ranges used by each script. */
55	private static $scripts = array(
56		array('Latn', 0x0041, 0x005A), // a-z
57		array('Latn', 0x0061, 0x007A), // A-Z
58		array('Latn', 0x0100, 0x02AF),
59		array('Grek', 0x0370, 0x03FF),
60		array('Cyrl', 0x0400, 0x052F),
61		array('Hebr', 0x0590, 0x05FF),
62		array('Arab', 0x0600, 0x06FF),
63		array('Arab', 0x0750, 0x077F),
64		array('Arab', 0x08A0, 0x08FF),
65		array('Deva', 0x0900, 0x097F),
66		array('Taml', 0x0B80, 0x0BFF),
67		array('Sinh', 0x0D80, 0x0DFF),
68		array('Thai', 0x0E00, 0x0E7F),
69		array('Geor', 0x10A0, 0x10FF),
70		array('Grek', 0x1F00, 0x1FFF),
71		array('Deva', 0xA8E0, 0xA8FF),
72		array('Hans', 0x3000, 0x303F), // Mixed CJK, not just Hans
73		array('Hans', 0x3400, 0xFAFF), // Mixed CJK, not just Hans
74		array('Hans', 0x20000, 0x2FA1F), // Mixed CJK, not just Hans
75	);
76
77	/** @var string[] Characters that are displayed in mirror form in RTL text. */
78	private static $mirror_characters = array(
79		'('   => ')',
80		')'   => '(',
81		'['   => ']',
82		']'   => '[',
83		'{'   => '}',
84		'}'   => '{',
85		'<'   => '>',
86		'>'   => '<',
87		'‹'   => '›',
88		'›'   => '‹',
89		'«'   => '»',
90		'»'   => '«',
91		'﴾'   => '﴿',
92		'﴿'   => '﴾',
93		'“'   => '”',
94		'”'   => '“',
95		'‘'   => '’',
96		'’'   => '‘',
97	);
98
99	/** @var string Punctuation used to separate list items, typically a comma */
100	public static $list_separator;
101
102	/**
103	 * The prefered locales for this site, or a default list if no preference.
104	 *
105	 * @return LocaleInterface[]
106	 */
107	public static function activeLocales() {
108		$code_list = Site::getPreference('LANGUAGES');
109
110		if ($code_list) {
111			$codes = explode(',', $code_list);
112		} else {
113			$codes = array(
114				'ar', 'bg', 'bs', 'ca', 'cs', 'da', 'de', 'el', 'en-GB', 'en-US', 'es',
115				'et', 'fi', 'fr', 'he', 'hr', 'hu', 'is', 'it', 'ka', 'lt', 'mr', 'nb',
116				'nl', 'nn', 'pl', 'pt', 'ru', 'sk', 'sv', 'tr', 'uk', 'vi', 'zh-Hans',
117			);
118		}
119
120		$locales = array();
121		foreach ($codes as $code) {
122			if (file_exists(WT_ROOT . 'language/' . $code . '.mo')) {
123				try {
124					$locales[] = Locale::create($code);
125				} catch (\Exception $ex) {
126					// No such locale exists?
127				}
128			}
129		}
130		usort($locales, '\Fisharebest\Localization\Locale::compare');
131
132		return $locales;
133	}
134
135	/**
136	 * Which MySQL collation should be used for this locale?
137	 *
138	 * @return string
139	 */
140	public static function collation() {
141		$collation = self::$locale->collation();
142		switch ($collation) {
143		case 'croatian_ci':
144		case 'german2_ci':
145		case 'vietnamese_ci':
146			// Only available in MySQL 5.6
147			return 'utf8_unicode_ci';
148		default:
149			return 'utf8_' . $collation;
150		}
151	}
152
153	/**
154	 * What format is used to display dates in the current locale?
155	 *
156	 * @return string
157	 */
158	public static function dateFormat() {
159		return /* I18N: This is the format string for full dates.  See http://php.net/date for codes */ self::$translator->translate('%j %F %Y');
160	}
161
162	/**
163	 * Generate consistent I18N for datatables.js
164	 *
165	 * @param array|null $lengths An optional array of page lengths
166	 *
167	 * @return string
168	 */
169	public static function datatablesI18N(array $lengths = null) {
170		if ($lengths === null) {
171			$lengths = array(10, 20, 30, 50, 100, -1);
172		}
173
174		$length_menu = '';
175		foreach ($lengths as $length) {
176			$length_menu .=
177				'<option value="' . $length . '">' .
178				($length === -1 ? /* I18N: listbox option, e.g. “10,25,50,100,all” */ self::translate('All') : self::number($length)) .
179				'</option>';
180		}
181		$length_menu = '<select>' . $length_menu . '</select>';
182		$length_menu = /* I18N: Display %s [records per page], %s is a placeholder for listbox containing numeric options */ self::translate('Display %s', $length_menu);
183
184		$digits = self::$locale->digits('0123456789');
185		if ($digits === '0123456789') {
186			$callback = '';
187		} else {
188			$callback = ',
189				"infoCallback": function(oSettings, iStart, iEnd, iMax, iTotal, sPre) {
190					return sPre
191						.replace(/0/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 0, 1) . '")
192						.replace(/1/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 1, 1) . '")
193						.replace(/2/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 2, 1) . '")
194						.replace(/3/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 3, 1) . '")
195						.replace(/4/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 4, 1) . '")
196						.replace(/5/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 5, 1) . '")
197						.replace(/6/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 6, 1) . '")
198						.replace(/7/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 7, 1) . '")
199						.replace(/8/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 8, 1) . '")
200						.replace(/9/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 9, 1) . '");
201				},
202				"formatNumber": function(iIn) {
203					return String(iIn)
204						.replace(/0/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 0, 1) . '")
205						.replace(/1/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 1, 1) . '")
206						.replace(/2/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 2, 1) . '")
207						.replace(/3/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 3, 1) . '")
208						.replace(/4/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 4, 1) . '")
209						.replace(/5/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 5, 1) . '")
210						.replace(/6/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 6, 1) . '")
211						.replace(/7/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 7, 1) . '")
212						.replace(/8/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 8, 1) . '")
213						.replace(/9/g, "' . mb_substr($digits, 9, 1) . '");
214				}
215			';
216		}
217
218		return
219			'"language": {' .
220			' "paginate": {' .
221			'  "first":    "' . /* I18N: button label, first page    */ self::translate('first') . '",' .
222			'  "last":     "' . /* I18N: button label, last page     */ self::translate('last') . '",' .
223			'  "next":     "' . /* I18N: button label, next page     */ self::translate('next') . '",' .
224			'  "previous": "' . /* I18N: button label, previous page */ self::translate('previous') . '"' .
225			' },' .
226			' "emptyTable":     "' . self::translate('No records to display') . '",' .
227			' "info":           "' . /* I18N: %s are placeholders for numbers */ self::translate('Showing %1$s to %2$s of %3$s', '_START_', '_END_', '_TOTAL_') . '",' .
228			' "infoEmpty":      "' . self::translate('Showing %1$s to %2$s of %3$s', 0, 0, 0) . '",' .
229			' "infoFiltered":   "' . /* I18N: %s is a placeholder for a number */ self::translate('(filtered from %s total entries)', '_MAX_') . '",' .
230			' "infoPostfix":    "",' .
231			' "lengthMenu":     "' . Filter::escapeJs($length_menu) . '",' .
232			' "loadingRecords": "' . self::translate('Loading…') . '",' .
233			' "processing":     "' . self::translate('Loading…') . '",' .
234			' "search":         "' . self::translate('Filter') . '",' .
235			' "url":            "",' .
236			' "zeroRecords":    "' . self::translate('No records to display') . '"' .
237			'}' .
238			$callback;
239	}
240
241	/**
242	 * Convert the digits 0-9 into the local script
243	 *
244	 * Used for years, etc., where we do not want thousands-separators, decimals, etc.
245	 *
246	 * @param int $n
247	 *
248	 * @return string
249	 */
250	public static function digits($n) {
251		return self::$locale->digits($n);
252	}
253
254	/**
255	 * What is the direction of the current locale
256	 *
257	 * @return string "ltr" or "rtl"
258	 */
259	public static function direction() {
260		return self::$locale->direction();
261	}
262
263	/**
264	 * What is the first day of the week.
265	 *
266	 * @return int Sunday=0, Monday=1, etc.
267	 */
268	public static function firstDay() {
269		return self::$locale->territory()->firstDay();
270	}
271
272	/**
273	 * Convert a GEDCOM age string into translated_text
274	 *
275	 * NB: The import function will have normalised this, so we don't need
276	 * to worry about badly formatted strings
277	 * NOTE: this function is not yet complete - eventually it will replace FunctionsDate::get_age_at_event()
278	 *
279	 * @param $string
280	 *
281	 * @return string
282	 */
283	public static function gedcomAge($string) {
284		switch ($string) {
285			case 'STILLBORN':
286				// I18N: Description of an individual’s age at an event.  For example, Died 14 Jan 1900 (stillborn)
287				return self::translate('(stillborn)');
288			case 'INFANT':
289				// I18N: Description of an individual’s age at an event.  For example, Died 14 Jan 1900 (in infancy)
290				return self::translate('(in infancy)');
291			case 'CHILD':
292				// I18N: Description of an individual’s age at an event.  For example, Died 14 Jan 1900 (in childhood)
293				return self::translate('(in childhood)');
294		}
295		$age = array();
296		if (preg_match('/(\d+)y/', $string, $match)) {
297			// I18N: Part of an age string. e.g. 5 years, 4 months and 3 days
298			$years = $match[1];
299			$age[] = self::plural('%s year', '%s years', $years, self::number($years));
300		} else {
301			$years = -1;
302		}
303		if (preg_match('/(\d+)m/', $string, $match)) {
304			// I18N: Part of an age string. e.g. 5 years, 4 months and 3 days
305			$age[] = self::plural('%s month', '%s months', $match[1], self::number($match[1]));
306		}
307		if (preg_match('/(\d+)w/', $string, $match)) {
308			// I18N: Part of an age string. e.g. 7 weeks and 3 days
309			$age[] = self::plural('%s week', '%s weeks', $match[1], self::number($match[1]));
310		}
311		if (preg_match('/(\d+)d/', $string, $match)) {
312			// I18N: Part of an age string. e.g. 5 years, 4 months and 3 days
313			$age[] = self::plural('%s day', '%s days', $match[1], self::number($match[1]));
314		}
315		// If an age is just a number of years, only show the number
316		if (count($age) === 1 && $years >= 0) {
317			$age = $years;
318		}
319		if ($age) {
320			if (!substr_compare($string, '<', 0, 1)) {
321				// I18N: Description of an individual’s age at an event.  For example, Died 14 Jan 1900 (aged less than 21 years)
322				return self::translate('(aged less than %s)', $age);
323			} elseif (!substr_compare($string, '>', 0, 1)) {
324				// I18N: Description of an individual’s age at an event.  For example, Died 14 Jan 1900 (aged more than 21 years)
325				return self::translate('(aged more than %s)', $age);
326			} else {
327				// I18N: Description of an individual’s age at an event.  For example, Died 14 Jan 1900 (aged 43 years)
328				return self::translate('(aged %s)', $age);
329			}
330		} else {
331			// Not a valid string?
332			return self::translate('(aged %s)', $string);
333		}
334	}
335
336	/**
337	 * Generate i18n markup for the <html> tag, e.g. lang="ar" dir="rtl"
338	 *
339	 * @return string
340	 */
341	public static function htmlAttributes() {
342		return self::$locale->htmlAttributes();
343	}
344
345	/**
346	 * Initialise the translation adapter with a locale setting.
347	 *
348	 * @param string|null $code Use this locale/language code, or choose one automatically
349	 *
350	 * @return string $string
351	 */
352	public static function init($code = null) {
353		global $WT_TREE;
354
355		if ($code !== null) {
356			// Create the specified locale
357			self::$locale = Locale::create($code);
358		} else {
359			// Negotiate a locale, but if we can't then use a failsafe
360			self::$locale = new LocaleEnUs;
361			if (Session::has('locale')) {
362				// Previously used
363				self::$locale = Locale::create(Session::get('locale'));
364			} else {
365				// Browser negotiation
366				$default_locale = new LocaleEnUs;
367				try {
368					if ($WT_TREE) {
369						$default_locale = Locale::create($WT_TREE->getPreference('LANGUAGE'));
370					}
371				} catch (\Exception $ex) {
372				}
373				self::$locale = Locale::httpAcceptLanguage($_SERVER, self::installedLocales(), $default_locale);
374			}
375		}
376
377		File::mkdir(WT_DATA_DIR . 'cache');
378		$cache_file = WT_DATA_DIR . 'cache/language-' . self::$locale->languageTag() . '-cache.php';
379		if (file_exists($cache_file)) {
380			$filemtime = filemtime($cache_file);
381		} else {
382			$filemtime = 0;
383		}
384
385		// Load the translation file(s)
386		// Note that glob() returns false instead of an empty array when open_basedir_restriction
387		// is in force and no files are found.  See PHP bug #47358.
388		if (defined('GLOB_BRACE')) {
389			$translation_files = array_merge(
390				array(WT_ROOT . 'language/' . self::$locale->languageTag() . '.mo'),
391				glob(WT_MODULES_DIR . '*/language/' . self::$locale->languageTag() . '.{csv,php,mo}', GLOB_BRACE) ?: array(),
392				glob(WT_DATA_DIR . 'language/' . self::$locale->languageTag() . '.{csv,php,mo}', GLOB_BRACE) ?: array()
393			);
394		} else {
395			// Some servers do not have GLOB_BRACE - see http://php.net/manual/en/function.glob.php
396			$translation_files = array_merge(
397				array(WT_ROOT . 'language/' . self::$locale->languageTag() . '.mo'),
398				glob(WT_MODULES_DIR . '*/language/' . self::$locale->languageTag() . '.csv') ?: array(),
399				glob(WT_MODULES_DIR . '*/language/' . self::$locale->languageTag() . '.php') ?: array(),
400				glob(WT_MODULES_DIR . '*/language/' . self::$locale->languageTag() . '.mo') ?: array(),
401				glob(WT_DATA_DIR . 'language/' . self::$locale->languageTag() . '.csv') ?: array(),
402				glob(WT_DATA_DIR . 'language/' . self::$locale->languageTag() . '.php') ?: array(),
403				glob(WT_DATA_DIR . 'language/' . self::$locale->languageTag() . '.mo') ?: array()
404			);
405		}
406		// Rebuild files after one hour
407		$rebuild_cache = time() > $filemtime + 3600;
408		// Rebuild files if any translation file has been updated
409		foreach ($translation_files as $translation_file) {
410			if (filemtime($translation_file) > $filemtime) {
411				$rebuild_cache = true;
412				break;
413			}
414		}
415
416		if ($rebuild_cache) {
417			$translations = array();
418			foreach ($translation_files as $translation_file) {
419				$translation  = new Translation($translation_file);
420				$translations = array_merge($translations, $translation->asArray());
421			}
422			file_put_contents($cache_file, '<' . '?php return ' . var_export($translations, true) . ';');
423		} else {
424			$translations = include $cache_file;
425		}
426
427		// Create a translator
428		self::$translator = new Translator($translations, self::$locale->pluralRule());
429
430		// Alphabetic sorting sequence (upper-case letters), used by webtrees to sort strings
431		list(, self::$alphabet_upper) = explode('=', self::$translator->translate('ALPHABET_upper=ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'));
432		// Alphabetic sorting sequence (lower-case letters), used by webtrees to sort strings
433		list(, self::$alphabet_lower) = explode('=', self::$translator->translate('ALPHABET_lower=abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'));
434
435		self::$list_separator = /* I18N: This punctuation is used to separate lists of items */ self::translate(', ');
436
437		return self::$locale->languageTag();
438	}
439
440	/**
441	 * All locales for which a translation file exists.
442	 *
443	 * @return LocaleInterface[]
444	 */
445	public static function installedLocales() {
446		$locales = array();
447		foreach (glob(WT_ROOT . 'language/*.mo') as $file) {
448			try {
449				$locales[] = Locale::create(basename($file, '.mo'));
450			} catch (\Exception $ex) {
451				// Not a recognised locale
452			}
453		}
454		usort($locales, '\Fisharebest\Localization\Locale::compare');
455
456		return $locales;
457	}
458
459	/**
460	 * Return the endonym for a given language - as per http://cldr.unicode.org/
461	 *
462	 * @param string $locale
463	 *
464	 * @return string
465	 */
466	public static function languageName($locale) {
467		return Locale::create($locale)->endonym();
468	}
469
470	/**
471	 * Return the script used by a given language
472	 *
473	 * @param string $locale
474	 *
475	 * @return string
476	 */
477	public static function languageScript($locale) {
478		return Locale::create($locale)->script()->code();
479	}
480
481	/**
482	 * Translate a number into the local representation.
483	 *
484	 * e.g. 12345.67 becomes
485	 * en: 12,345.67
486	 * fr: 12 345,67
487	 * de: 12.345,67
488	 *
489	 * @param float $n
490	 * @param int   $precision
491	 *
492	 * @return string
493	 */
494	public static function number($n, $precision = 0) {
495		return self::$locale->number(round($n, $precision));
496	}
497
498	/**
499	 * Translate a fraction into a percentage.
500	 *
501	 * e.g. 0.123 becomes
502	 * en: 12.3%
503	 * fr: 12,3 %
504	 * de: 12,3%
505	 *
506	 * @param float $n
507	 * @param int   $precision
508	 *
509	 * @return string
510	 */
511	public static function percentage($n, $precision = 0) {
512		return self::$locale->percent(round($n, $precision + 2));
513	}
514
515	/**
516	 * Translate a plural string
517	 *
518	 * echo self::plural('There is an error', 'There are errors', $num_errors);
519	 * echo self::plural('There is one error', 'There are %s errors', $num_errors);
520	 * echo self::plural('There is %1$s %2$s cat', 'There are %1$s %2$s cats', $num, $num, $colour);
521	 *
522	 * @return string
523	 */
524	public static function plural(/* var_args */) {
525		$args    = func_get_args();
526		$args[0] = self::$translator->translatePlural($args[0], $args[1], (int) $args[2]);
527		unset($args[1], $args[2]);
528
529		return self::substitutePlaceholders($args);
530	}
531
532	/**
533	 * UTF8 version of PHP::strrev()
534	 *
535	 * Reverse RTL text for third-party libraries such as GD2 and googlechart.
536	 *
537	 * These do not support UTF8 text direction, so we must mimic it for them.
538	 *
539	 * Numbers are always rendered LTR, even in RTL text.
540	 * The visual direction of characters such as parentheses should be reversed.
541	 *
542	 * @param string $text Text to be reversed
543	 *
544	 * @return string
545	 */
546	public static function reverseText($text) {
547		// Remove HTML markup - we can't display it and it is LTR.
548		$text = Filter::unescapeHtml($text);
549
550		// LTR text doesn't need reversing
551		if (self::scriptDirection(self::textScript($text)) === 'ltr') {
552			return $text;
553		}
554
555		// Mirrored characters
556		$text = strtr($text, self::$mirror_characters);
557
558		$reversed = '';
559		$digits   = '';
560		while ($text != '') {
561			$letter = mb_substr($text, 0, 1);
562			$text   = mb_substr($text, 1);
563			if (strpos(self::DIGITS, $letter) !== false) {
564				$digits .= $letter;
565			} else {
566				$reversed = $letter . $digits . $reversed;
567				$digits   = '';
568			}
569		}
570
571		return $digits . $reversed;
572	}
573
574	/**
575	 * Return the direction (ltr or rtl) for a given script
576	 *
577	 * The PHP/intl library does not provde this information, so we need
578	 * our own lookup table.
579	 *
580	 * @param string $script
581	 *
582	 * @return string
583	 */
584	public static function scriptDirection($script) {
585		switch ($script) {
586		case 'Arab':
587		case 'Hebr':
588		case 'Mong':
589		case 'Thaa':
590			return 'rtl';
591		default:
592			return 'ltr';
593		}
594	}
595
596	/**
597	 * UTF8 version of PHP::strcasecmp()
598	 *
599	 * Perform a case-insensitive comparison of two strings, using rules from the current locale
600	 *
601	 * @param string $string1
602	 * @param string $string2
603	 *
604	 * @return int
605	 */
606	public static function strcasecmp($string1, $string2) {
607		$strpos1 = 0;
608		$strpos2 = 0;
609		$strlen1 = strlen($string1);
610		$strlen2 = strlen($string2);
611		while ($strpos1 < $strlen1 && $strpos2 < $strlen2) {
612			$byte1 = ord($string1[$strpos1]);
613			$byte2 = ord($string2[$strpos2]);
614			if (($byte1 & 0xE0) === 0xC0) {
615				$chr1 = $string1[$strpos1++] . $string1[$strpos1++];
616			} elseif (($byte1 & 0xF0) === 0xE0) {
617				$chr1 = $string1[$strpos1++] . $string1[$strpos1++] . $string1[$strpos1++];
618			} else {
619				$chr1 = $string1[$strpos1++];
620			}
621			if (($byte2 & 0xE0) === 0xC0) {
622				$chr2 = $string2[$strpos2++] . $string2[$strpos2++];
623			} elseif (($byte2 & 0xF0) === 0xE0) {
624				$chr2 = $string2[$strpos2++] . $string2[$strpos2++] . $string2[$strpos2++];
625			} else {
626				$chr2 = $string2[$strpos2++];
627			}
628			if ($chr1 === $chr2) {
629				continue;
630			}
631			// Try the local alphabet first
632			$offset1 = strpos(self::$alphabet_lower, $chr1);
633			if ($offset1 === false) {
634				$offset1 = strpos(self::$alphabet_upper, $chr1);
635			}
636			$offset2 = strpos(self::$alphabet_lower, $chr2);
637			if ($offset2 === false) {
638				$offset2 = strpos(self::$alphabet_upper, $chr2);
639			}
640			if ($offset1 !== false && $offset2 !== false) {
641				if ($offset1 === $offset2) {
642					continue;
643				} else {
644					return $offset1 - $offset2;
645				}
646			}
647			// Try the global alphabet next
648			$offset1 = strpos(self::ALPHABET_LOWER, $chr1);
649			if ($offset1 === false) {
650				$offset1 = strpos(self::ALPHABET_UPPER, $chr1);
651			}
652			$offset2 = strpos(self::ALPHABET_LOWER, $chr2);
653			if ($offset2 === false) {
654				$offset2 = strpos(self::ALPHABET_UPPER, $chr2);
655			}
656			if ($offset1 !== false && $offset2 !== false) {
657				if ($offset1 === $offset2) {
658					continue;
659				} else {
660					return $offset1 - $offset2;
661				}
662			}
663			// Just compare by unicode order
664			return strcmp($chr1, $chr2);
665		}
666		// Shortest string comes first.
667		return ($strlen1 - $strpos1) - ($strlen2 - $strpos2);
668	}
669
670	/**
671	 * UTF8 version of PHP::strtolower()
672	 *
673	 * Convert a string to lower case, using the rules from the current locale
674	 *
675	 * @param string $string
676	 *
677	 * @return string
678	 */
679	public static function strtolower($string) {
680		if (self::$locale->language()->code() === 'tr' || self::$locale->language()->code() === 'az') {
681			$string = strtr($string, ['I' => 'ı', 'İ' => 'i']);
682		}
683
684		return mb_strtolower($string);
685	}
686
687	/**
688	 * UTF8 version of PHP::strtoupper()
689	 *
690	 * Convert a string to upper case, using the rules from the current locale
691	 *
692	 * @param string $string
693	 *
694	 * @return string
695	 */
696	public static function strtoupper($string) {
697		if (self::$locale->language()->code() === 'tr' || self::$locale->language()->code() === 'az') {
698			$string = strtr($string, ['ı' => 'I', 'i' => 'İ']);
699		}
700
701		return mb_strtoupper($string);
702	}
703
704	/**
705	 * Substitute any "%s" placeholders in a translated string.
706	 * This also allows us to have translated strings that contain
707	 * "%" characters, which can't be passed to sprintf.
708	 *
709	 * @param string[] $args translated string plus optional parameters
710	 *
711	 * @return string
712	 */
713	private static function substitutePlaceholders(array $args) {
714		if (count($args) > 1) {
715			return call_user_func_array('sprintf', $args);
716		} else {
717			return $args[0];
718		}
719	}
720
721	/**
722	 * Identify the script used for a piece of text
723	 *
724	 * @param $string
725	 *
726	 * @return string
727	 */
728	public static function textScript($string) {
729		$string = strip_tags($string); // otherwise HTML tags show up as latin
730		$string = html_entity_decode($string, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8'); // otherwise HTML entities show up as latin
731		$string = str_replace(array('@N.N.', '@P.N.'), '', $string); // otherwise unknown names show up as latin
732		$pos    = 0;
733		$strlen = strlen($string);
734		while ($pos < $strlen) {
735			// get the Unicode Code Point for the character at position $pos
736			$byte1 = ord($string[$pos]);
737			if ($byte1 < 0x80) {
738				$code_point = $byte1;
739				$chrlen     = 1;
740			} elseif ($byte1 < 0xC0) {
741				// Invalid continuation character
742				return 'Latn';
743			} elseif ($byte1 < 0xE0) {
744				$code_point = (($byte1 & 0x1F) << 6) + (ord($string[$pos + 1]) & 0x3F);
745				$chrlen     = 2;
746			} elseif ($byte1 < 0xF0) {
747				$code_point = (($byte1 & 0x0F) << 12) + ((ord($string[$pos + 1]) & 0x3F) << 6) + (ord($string[$pos + 2]) & 0x3F);
748				$chrlen     = 3;
749			} elseif ($byte1 < 0xF8) {
750				$code_point = (($byte1 & 0x07) << 24) + ((ord($string[$pos + 1]) & 0x3F) << 12) + ((ord($string[$pos + 2]) & 0x3F) << 6) + (ord($string[$pos + 3]) & 0x3F);
751				$chrlen     = 3;
752			} else {
753				// Invalid UTF
754				return 'Latn';
755			}
756
757			foreach (self::$scripts as $range) {
758				if ($code_point >= $range[1] && $code_point <= $range[2]) {
759					return $range[0];
760				}
761			}
762			// Not a recognised script.  Maybe punctuation, spacing, etc.  Keep looking.
763			$pos += $chrlen;
764		}
765
766		return 'Latn';
767	}
768
769	/**
770	 * Convert a number of seconds into a relative time.  For example, 630 => "10 hours, 30 minutes ago"
771	 *
772	 * @param int $seconds
773	 *
774	 * @return string
775	 */
776	public static function timeAgo($seconds) {
777		$minute = 60;
778		$hour   = 60 * $minute;
779		$day    = 24 * $hour;
780		$month  = 30 * $day;
781		$year   = 365 * $day;
782
783		if ($seconds > $year) {
784			$years = (int) ($seconds / $year);
785
786			return self::plural('%s year ago', '%s years ago', $years, self::number($years));
787		} elseif ($seconds > $month) {
788			$months = (int) ($seconds / $month);
789
790			return self::plural('%s month ago', '%s months ago', $months, self::number($months));
791		} elseif ($seconds > $day) {
792			$days = (int) ($seconds / $day);
793
794			return self::plural('%s day ago', '%s days ago', $days, self::number($days));
795		} elseif ($seconds > $hour) {
796			$hours = (int) ($seconds / $hour);
797
798			return self::plural('%s hour ago', '%s hours ago', $hours, self::number($hours));
799		} elseif ($seconds > $minute) {
800			$minutes = (int) ($seconds / $minute);
801
802			return self::plural('%s minute ago', '%s minutes ago', $minutes, self::number($minutes));
803		} else {
804			return self::plural('%s second ago', '%s seconds ago', $seconds, self::number($seconds));
805		}
806	}
807
808	/**
809	 * What format is used to display dates in the current locale?
810	 *
811	 * @return string
812	 */
813	public static function timeFormat() {
814		return /* I18N: This is the format string for the time-of-day.  See http://php.net/date for codes */ self::$translator->translate('%H:%i:%s');
815	}
816
817	/**
818	 * Translate a string, and then substitute placeholders
819	 *
820	 * echo I18N::translate('Hello World!');
821	 * echo I18N::translate('The %s sat on the mat', 'cat');
822	 *
823	 * @return string
824	 */
825	public static function translate(/* var_args */) {
826		$args    = func_get_args();
827		$args[0] = self::$translator->translate($args[0]);
828
829		return self::substitutePlaceholders($args);
830	}
831
832	/**
833	 * Context sensitive version of translate.
834	 *
835	 * echo I18N::translateContext('NOMINATIVE', 'January');
836	 * echo I18N::translateContext('GENITIVE',   'January');
837	 *
838	 * @return string
839	 */
840	public static function translateContext(/* var_args */) {
841		$args    = func_get_args();
842		$args[0] = self::$translator->translateContext($args[0], $args[1]);
843		unset($args[1]);
844
845		return self::substitutePlaceholders($args);
846	}
847
848	/**
849	 * What is the last day of the weekend.
850	 *
851	 * @return int Sunday=0, Monday=1, etc.
852	 */
853	public static function weekendEnd() {
854		return self::$locale->territory()->weekendEnd();
855	}
856
857	/**
858	 * What is the first day of the weekend.
859	 *
860	 * @return int Sunday=0, Monday=1, etc.
861	 */
862	public static function weekendStart() {
863		return self::$locale->territory()->weekendStart();
864	}
865
866	/**
867	 * Which calendar prefered in this locale?
868	 *
869	 * @return CalendarInterface
870	 */
871	public static function defaultCalendar() {
872		switch (self::$locale->languageTag()) {
873			case 'ar':
874				return new ArabicCalendar;
875			case 'fa':
876				return new PersianCalendar;
877			case 'he':
878			case 'yi':
879				return new JewishCalendar;
880			default:
881				return new GregorianCalendar;
882		}
883	}
884}
885