xref: /webtrees/app/I18N.php (revision 2ebcf907ed34213f816592af04e6c160335d6311)
1<?php
2
3/**
4 * webtrees: online genealogy
5 * Copyright (C) 2021 webtrees development team
6 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
9 * (at your option) any later version.
10 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
13 * GNU General Public License for more details.
14 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16 */
17
18declare(strict_types=1);
19
20namespace Fisharebest\Webtrees;
21
22use Closure;
23use Collator;
24use Exception;
25use Fisharebest\Localization\Locale;
26use Fisharebest\Localization\Locale\LocaleEnUs;
27use Fisharebest\Localization\Locale\LocaleInterface;
28use Fisharebest\Localization\Translation;
29use Fisharebest\Localization\Translator;
30use Fisharebest\Webtrees\Module\ModuleCustomInterface;
31use Fisharebest\Webtrees\Module\ModuleLanguageInterface;
32use Fisharebest\Webtrees\Services\ModuleService;
33
34use function array_merge;
35use function class_exists;
36use function html_entity_decode;
37use function in_array;
38use function mb_strtolower;
39use function mb_strtoupper;
40use function mb_substr;
41use function ord;
42use function sprintf;
43use function str_contains;
44use function str_replace;
45use function strcmp;
46use function strip_tags;
47use function strlen;
48use function strtr;
49use function var_export;
50
51/**
52 * Internationalization (i18n) and localization (l10n).
53 */
54class I18N
55{
56    // MO files use special characters for plurals and context.
57    public const PLURAL  = "\x00";
58    public const CONTEXT = "\x04";
59
60    // Digits are always rendered LTR, even in RTL text.
61    private const DIGITS = '0123456789٠١٢٣٤٥٦٧٨٩۰۱۲۳۴۵۶۷۸۹';
62
63    // These locales need special handling for the dotless letter I.
64    private const DOTLESS_I_LOCALES = [
65        'az',
66        'tr',
67    ];
68
69    private const DOTLESS_I_TOLOWER = [
70        'I' => 'ı',
71        'İ' => 'i',
72    ];
73
74    private const DOTLESS_I_TOUPPER = [
75        'ı' => 'I',
76        'i' => 'İ',
77    ];
78
79    // The ranges of characters used by each script.
80    private const SCRIPT_CHARACTER_RANGES = [
81        [
82            'Latn',
83            0x0041,
84            0x005A,
85        ],
86        [
87            'Latn',
88            0x0061,
89            0x007A,
90        ],
91        [
92            'Latn',
93            0x0100,
94            0x02AF,
95        ],
96        [
97            'Grek',
98            0x0370,
99            0x03FF,
100        ],
101        [
102            'Cyrl',
103            0x0400,
104            0x052F,
105        ],
106        [
107            'Hebr',
108            0x0590,
109            0x05FF,
110        ],
111        [
112            'Arab',
113            0x0600,
114            0x06FF,
115        ],
116        [
117            'Arab',
118            0x0750,
119            0x077F,
120        ],
121        [
122            'Arab',
123            0x08A0,
124            0x08FF,
125        ],
126        [
127            'Deva',
128            0x0900,
129            0x097F,
130        ],
131        [
132            'Taml',
133            0x0B80,
134            0x0BFF,
135        ],
136        [
137            'Sinh',
138            0x0D80,
139            0x0DFF,
140        ],
141        [
142            'Thai',
143            0x0E00,
144            0x0E7F,
145        ],
146        [
147            'Geor',
148            0x10A0,
149            0x10FF,
150        ],
151        [
152            'Grek',
153            0x1F00,
154            0x1FFF,
155        ],
156        [
157            'Deva',
158            0xA8E0,
159            0xA8FF,
160        ],
161        [
162            'Hans',
163            0x3000,
164            0x303F,
165        ],
166        // Mixed CJK, not just Hans
167        [
168            'Hans',
169            0x3400,
170            0xFAFF,
171        ],
172        // Mixed CJK, not just Hans
173        [
174            'Hans',
175            0x20000,
176            0x2FA1F,
177        ],
178        // Mixed CJK, not just Hans
179    ];
180
181    // Characters that are displayed in mirror form in RTL text.
182    private const MIRROR_CHARACTERS = [
183        '('  => ')',
184        ')'  => '(',
185        '['  => ']',
186        ']'  => '[',
187        '{'  => '}',
188        '}'  => '{',
189        '<'  => '>',
190        '>'  => '<',
191        '‹ ' => '›',
192        '› ' => '‹',
193        '«'  => '»',
194        '»'  => '«',
195        '﴾ ' => '﴿',
196        '﴿ ' => '﴾',
197        '“ ' => '”',
198        '” ' => '“',
199        '‘ ' => '’',
200        '’ ' => '‘',
201    ];
202
203    // Punctuation used to separate list items, typically a comma
204    public static string $list_separator;
205
206    private static ?ModuleLanguageInterface $language;
207
208    private static LocaleInterface $locale;
209
210    private static Translator $translator;
211
212    private static ?Collator $collator;
213
214    /**
215     * The preferred locales for this site, or a default list if no preference.
216     *
217     * @return array<LocaleInterface>
218     */
219    public static function activeLocales(): array
220    {
221        $locales = app(ModuleService::class)
222            ->findByInterface(ModuleLanguageInterface::class, false, true)
223            ->map(static function (ModuleLanguageInterface $module): LocaleInterface {
224                return $module->locale();
225            });
226
227        if ($locales->isEmpty()) {
228            return [new LocaleEnUs()];
229        }
230
231        return $locales->all();
232    }
233
234    /**
235     * Which MySQL collation should be used for this locale?
236     *
237     * @return string
238     */
239    public static function collation(): string
240    {
241        $collation = self::$locale->collation();
242        switch ($collation) {
243            case 'croatian_ci':
244            case 'german2_ci':
245            case 'vietnamese_ci':
246                // Only available in MySQL 5.6
247                return 'utf8_unicode_ci';
248            default:
249                return 'utf8_' . $collation;
250        }
251    }
252
253    /**
254     * What format is used to display dates in the current locale?
255     *
256     * @return string
257     */
258    public static function dateFormat(): string
259    {
260        /* I18N: This is the format string for full dates. See https://php.net/date for codes */
261        return self::$translator->translate('%j %F %Y');
262    }
263
264    /**
265     * Convert the digits 0-9 into the local script
266     * Used for years, etc., where we do not want thousands-separators, decimals, etc.
267     *
268     * @param string|int $n
269     *
270     * @return string
271     */
272    public static function digits($n): string
273    {
274        return self::$locale->digits((string) $n);
275    }
276
277    /**
278     * What is the direction of the current locale
279     *
280     * @return string "ltr" or "rtl"
281     */
282    public static function direction(): string
283    {
284        return self::$locale->direction();
285    }
286
287    /**
288     * Initialise the translation adapter with a locale setting.
289     *
290     * @param string $code
291     * @param bool   $setup
292     *
293     * @return void
294     */
295    public static function init(string $code, bool $setup = false): void
296    {
297        self::$locale = Locale::create($code);
298
299        // Load the translation file
300        $translation_file = __DIR__ . '/../resources/lang/' . self::$locale->languageTag() . '/messages.php';
301
302        try {
303            $translation  = new Translation($translation_file);
304            $translations = $translation->asArray();
305        } catch (Exception $ex) {
306            // The translations files are created during the build process, and are
307            // not included in the source code.
308            // Assuming we are using dev code, and build (or rebuild) the files.
309            $po_file      = Webtrees::ROOT_DIR . 'resources/lang/' . self::$locale->languageTag() . '/messages.po';
310            $translation  = new Translation($po_file);
311            $translations = $translation->asArray();
312            file_put_contents($translation_file, "<?php\n\nreturn " . var_export($translations, true) . ";\n");
313        }
314
315        // Add translations from custom modules (but not during setup, as we have no database/modules)
316        if (!$setup) {
317            $module_service = app(ModuleService::class);
318
319            $translations = $module_service
320                ->findByInterface(ModuleCustomInterface::class)
321                ->reduce(static function (array $carry, ModuleCustomInterface $item): array {
322                    return array_merge($carry, $item->customTranslations(self::$locale->languageTag()));
323                }, $translations);
324
325            self::$language = $module_service
326                ->findByInterface(ModuleLanguageInterface::class)
327                ->first(fn (ModuleLanguageInterface $module): bool => $module->locale()->languageTag() === $code);
328        }
329
330        // Create a translator
331        self::$translator = new Translator($translations, self::$locale->pluralRule());
332
333        /* I18N: This punctuation is used to separate lists of items */
334        self::$list_separator = self::translate(', ');
335
336        // Create a collator
337        try {
338            if (class_exists('Collator')) {
339                // Symfony provides a very incomplete polyfill - which cannot be used.
340                self::$collator = new Collator(self::$locale->code());
341                // Ignore upper/lower case differences
342                self::$collator->setStrength(Collator::SECONDARY);
343            }
344        } catch (Exception $ex) {
345            // PHP-INTL is not installed?  We'll use a fallback later.
346            self::$collator = null;
347        }
348    }
349
350    /**
351     * Translate a string, and then substitute placeholders
352     * echo I18N::translate('Hello World!');
353     * echo I18N::translate('The %s sat on the mat', 'cat');
354     *
355     * @param string $message
356     * @param string ...$args
357     *
358     * @return string
359     */
360    public static function translate(string $message, ...$args): string
361    {
362        $message = self::$translator->translate($message);
363
364        return sprintf($message, ...$args);
365    }
366
367    /**
368     * @return string
369     */
370    public static function languageTag(): string
371    {
372        return self::$locale->languageTag();
373    }
374
375    /**
376     * @return LocaleInterface
377     */
378    public static function locale(): LocaleInterface
379    {
380        return self::$locale;
381    }
382
383    /**
384     * @return ModuleLanguageInterface
385     */
386    public static function language(): ModuleLanguageInterface
387    {
388        return self::$language;
389    }
390
391    /**
392     * Translate a number into the local representation.
393     * e.g. 12345.67 becomes
394     * en: 12,345.67
395     * fr: 12 345,67
396     * de: 12.345,67
397     *
398     * @param float $n
399     * @param int   $precision
400     *
401     * @return string
402     */
403    public static function number(float $n, int $precision = 0): string
404    {
405        return self::$locale->number(round($n, $precision));
406    }
407
408    /**
409     * Translate a fraction into a percentage.
410     * e.g. 0.123 becomes
411     * en: 12.3%
412     * fr: 12,3 %
413     * de: 12,3%
414     *
415     * @param float $n
416     * @param int   $precision
417     *
418     * @return string
419     */
420    public static function percentage(float $n, int $precision = 0): string
421    {
422        return self::$locale->percent(round($n, $precision + 2));
423    }
424
425    /**
426     * Translate a plural string
427     * echo self::plural('There is an error', 'There are errors', $num_errors);
428     * echo self::plural('There is one error', 'There are %s errors', $num_errors);
429     * echo self::plural('There is %1$s %2$s cat', 'There are %1$s %2$s cats', $num, $num, $colour);
430     *
431     * @param string $singular
432     * @param string $plural
433     * @param int    $count
434     * @param string ...$args
435     *
436     * @return string
437     */
438    public static function plural(string $singular, string $plural, int $count, ...$args): string
439    {
440        $message = self::$translator->translatePlural($singular, $plural, $count);
441
442        return sprintf($message, ...$args);
443    }
444
445    /**
446     * UTF8 version of PHP::strrev()
447     * Reverse RTL text for third-party libraries such as GD2 and googlechart.
448     * These do not support UTF8 text direction, so we must mimic it for them.
449     * Numbers are always rendered LTR, even in RTL text.
450     * The visual direction of characters such as parentheses should be reversed.
451     *
452     * @param string $text Text to be reversed
453     *
454     * @return string
455     */
456    public static function reverseText(string $text): string
457    {
458        // Remove HTML markup - we can't display it and it is LTR.
459        $text = strip_tags($text);
460        // Remove HTML entities.
461        $text = html_entity_decode($text, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
462
463        // LTR text doesn't need reversing
464        if (self::scriptDirection(self::textScript($text)) === 'ltr') {
465            return $text;
466        }
467
468        // Mirrored characters
469        $text = strtr($text, self::MIRROR_CHARACTERS);
470
471        $reversed = '';
472        $digits   = '';
473        while ($text !== '') {
474            $letter = mb_substr($text, 0, 1);
475            $text   = mb_substr($text, 1);
476            if (str_contains(self::DIGITS, $letter)) {
477                $digits .= $letter;
478            } else {
479                $reversed = $letter . $digits . $reversed;
480                $digits   = '';
481            }
482        }
483
484        return $digits . $reversed;
485    }
486
487    /**
488     * Return the direction (ltr or rtl) for a given script
489     * The PHP/intl library does not provde this information, so we need
490     * our own lookup table.
491     *
492     * @param string $script
493     *
494     * @return string
495     */
496    public static function scriptDirection(string $script): string
497    {
498        switch ($script) {
499            case 'Arab':
500            case 'Hebr':
501            case 'Mong':
502            case 'Thaa':
503                return 'rtl';
504            default:
505                return 'ltr';
506        }
507    }
508
509    /**
510     * Identify the script used for a piece of text
511     *
512     * @param string $string
513     *
514     * @return string
515     */
516    public static function textScript(string $string): string
517    {
518        $string = strip_tags($string); // otherwise HTML tags show up as latin
519        $string = html_entity_decode($string, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8'); // otherwise HTML entities show up as latin
520        $string = str_replace([
521            Individual::NOMEN_NESCIO,
522            Individual::PRAENOMEN_NESCIO,
523        ], '', $string);
524        $pos    = 0;
525        $strlen = strlen($string);
526        while ($pos < $strlen) {
527            // get the Unicode Code Point for the character at position $pos
528            $byte1 = ord($string[$pos]);
529            if ($byte1 < 0x80) {
530                $code_point = $byte1;
531                $chrlen     = 1;
532            } elseif ($byte1 < 0xC0) {
533                // Invalid continuation character
534                return 'Latn';
535            } elseif ($byte1 < 0xE0) {
536                $code_point = (($byte1 & 0x1F) << 6) + (ord($string[$pos + 1]) & 0x3F);
537                $chrlen     = 2;
538            } elseif ($byte1 < 0xF0) {
539                $code_point = (($byte1 & 0x0F) << 12) + ((ord($string[$pos + 1]) & 0x3F) << 6) + (ord($string[$pos + 2]) & 0x3F);
540                $chrlen     = 3;
541            } elseif ($byte1 < 0xF8) {
542                $code_point = (($byte1 & 0x07) << 24) + ((ord($string[$pos + 1]) & 0x3F) << 12) + ((ord($string[$pos + 2]) & 0x3F) << 6) + (ord($string[$pos + 3]) & 0x3F);
543                $chrlen     = 3;
544            } else {
545                // Invalid UTF
546                return 'Latn';
547            }
548
549            foreach (self::SCRIPT_CHARACTER_RANGES as $range) {
550                if ($code_point >= $range[1] && $code_point <= $range[2]) {
551                    return $range[0];
552                }
553            }
554            // Not a recognised script. Maybe punctuation, spacing, etc. Keep looking.
555            $pos += $chrlen;
556        }
557
558        return 'Latn';
559    }
560
561    /**
562     * A closure which will compare strings using local collation rules.
563     *
564     * @return Closure
565     */
566    public static function comparator(): Closure
567    {
568        if (self::$collator instanceof Collator) {
569            return static function (string $x, string $y): int {
570                return (int) self::$collator->compare($x, $y);
571            };
572        }
573
574        return static function (string $x, string $y): int {
575            return strcmp(self::strtolower($x), self::strtolower($y));
576        };
577    }
578
579
580
581    /**
582     * Convert a string to lower case.
583     *
584     * @param string $string
585     *
586     * @return string
587     */
588    public static function strtolower(string $string): string
589    {
590        if (in_array(self::$locale->language()->code(), self::DOTLESS_I_LOCALES, true)) {
591            $string = strtr($string, self::DOTLESS_I_TOLOWER);
592        }
593
594        return mb_strtolower($string);
595    }
596
597    /**
598     * Convert a string to upper case.
599     *
600     * @param string $string
601     *
602     * @return string
603     */
604    public static function strtoupper(string $string): string
605    {
606        if (in_array(self::$locale->language()->code(), self::DOTLESS_I_LOCALES, true)) {
607            $string = strtr($string, self::DOTLESS_I_TOUPPER);
608        }
609
610        return mb_strtoupper($string);
611    }
612
613    /**
614     * What format is used to display dates in the current locale?
615     *
616     * @return string
617     */
618    public static function timeFormat(): string
619    {
620        /* I18N: This is the format string for the time-of-day. See https://php.net/date for codes */
621        return self::$translator->translate('%H:%i:%s');
622    }
623
624    /**
625     * Context sensitive version of translate.
626     * echo I18N::translateContext('NOMINATIVE', 'January');
627     * echo I18N::translateContext('GENITIVE', 'January');
628     *
629     * @param string $context
630     * @param string $message
631     * @param string ...$args
632     *
633     * @return string
634     */
635    public static function translateContext(string $context, string $message, ...$args): string
636    {
637        $message = self::$translator->translateContext($context, $message);
638
639        return sprintf($message, ...$args);
640    }
641}
642