xref: /haiku/src/servers/net/DHCPClient.cpp (revision ce36f054505bb0b4fb3fa97ca8d8f0d36dc35ef7)

/*
 * Copyright 2006-2010, Haiku, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
 * Distributed under the terms of the MIT License.
 *
 * Authors:
 *		Axel Dörfler, axeld@pinc-software.de
 *		Vegard Wærp, vegarwa@online.no
 */


#include "DHCPClient.h"

#include <Message.h>
#include <MessageRunner.h>
#include <NetworkDevice.h>
#include <NetworkInterface.h>

#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <syslog.h>
#include <sys/sockio.h>
#include <sys/time.h>

#include <Debug.h>
#include <Message.h>
#include <MessageRunner.h>

#include "NetServer.h"


// See RFC 2131 for DHCP, see RFC 1533 for BOOTP/DHCP options

#define DHCP_CLIENT_PORT	68
#define DHCP_SERVER_PORT	67

#define DEFAULT_TIMEOUT		2	// secs
#define MAX_TIMEOUT			15	// secs

enum message_opcode {
	BOOT_REQUEST = 1,
	BOOT_REPLY
};

enum message_option {
	OPTION_MAGIC = 0x63825363,

	// generic options
	OPTION_PAD = 0,
	OPTION_END = 255,
	OPTION_SUBNET_MASK = 1,
	OPTION_TIME_OFFSET = 2,
	OPTION_ROUTER_ADDRESS = 3,
	OPTION_DOMAIN_NAME_SERVER = 6,
	OPTION_HOST_NAME = 12,
	OPTION_DOMAIN_NAME = 15,
	OPTION_DATAGRAM_SIZE = 22,
	OPTION_MTU = 26,
	OPTION_BROADCAST_ADDRESS = 28,
	OPTION_NETWORK_TIME_SERVERS = 42,
	OPTION_NETBIOS_NAME_SERVER = 44,
	OPTION_NETBIOS_SCOPE = 47,

	// DHCP specific options
	OPTION_REQUEST_IP_ADDRESS = 50,
	OPTION_ADDRESS_LEASE_TIME = 51,
	OPTION_OVERLOAD = 52,
	OPTION_MESSAGE_TYPE = 53,
	OPTION_SERVER_ADDRESS = 54,
	OPTION_REQUEST_PARAMETERS = 55,
	OPTION_ERROR_MESSAGE = 56,
	OPTION_MESSAGE_SIZE = 57,
	OPTION_RENEWAL_TIME = 58,
	OPTION_REBINDING_TIME = 59,
	OPTION_CLASS_IDENTIFIER = 60,
	OPTION_CLIENT_IDENTIFIER = 61,
};

enum message_type {
	DHCP_NONE = 0,
	DHCP_DISCOVER,
	DHCP_OFFER,
	DHCP_REQUEST,
	DHCP_DECLINE,
	DHCP_ACK,
	DHCP_NACK,
	DHCP_RELEASE,
	DHCP_INFORM
};

struct dhcp_option_cookie {
	dhcp_option_cookie()
		:
		state(0),
		file_has_options(false),
		server_name_has_options(false)
	{
	}

	const uint8* next;
	uint8	state;
	bool	file_has_options;
	bool	server_name_has_options;
};

struct dhcp_message {
	dhcp_message(message_type type);

	uint8		opcode;
	uint8		hardware_type;
	uint8		hardware_address_length;
	uint8		hop_count;
	uint32		transaction_id;
	uint16		seconds_since_start;
	uint16		flags;
	in_addr_t	client_address;
	in_addr_t	your_address;
	in_addr_t	server_address;
	in_addr_t	gateway_address;
	uint8		mac_address[16];
	uint8		server_name[64];
	uint8		file[128];
	uint32		options_magic;
	uint8		options[1260];

	size_t MinSize() const { return 576; }
	size_t Size() const;

	bool HasOptions() const;
	bool NextOption(dhcp_option_cookie& cookie, message_option& option,
		const uint8*& data, size_t& size) const;
	message_type Type() const;
	const uint8* LastOption() const;

	uint8* PrepareMessage(uint8 type);
	uint8* PutOption(uint8* options, message_option option);
	uint8* PutOption(uint8* options, message_option option, uint8 data);
	uint8* PutOption(uint8* options, message_option option, uint16 data);
	uint8* PutOption(uint8* options, message_option option, uint32 data);
	uint8* PutOption(uint8* options, message_option option, const uint8* data,
		uint32 size);
	uint8* FinishOptions(uint8* options);

	static const char* TypeToString(message_type type);
} _PACKED;

#define DHCP_FLAG_BROADCAST		0x8000

#define ARP_HARDWARE_TYPE_ETHER	1

const uint32 kMsgLeaseTime = 'lstm';

static const uint8 kRequestParameters[] = {
	OPTION_SUBNET_MASK, OPTION_ROUTER_ADDRESS,
	OPTION_DOMAIN_NAME_SERVER, OPTION_BROADCAST_ADDRESS,
	OPTION_DOMAIN_NAME
};


dhcp_message::dhcp_message(message_type type)
{
	// ASSERT(this == offsetof(this, opcode));
	memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this));
	options_magic = htonl(OPTION_MAGIC);

	uint8* next = PrepareMessage(type);
	FinishOptions(next);
}


bool
dhcp_message::HasOptions() const
{
	return options_magic == htonl(OPTION_MAGIC);
}


bool
dhcp_message::NextOption(dhcp_option_cookie& cookie,
	message_option& option, const uint8*& data, size_t& size) const
{
	if (!HasOptions())
		return false;

	if (cookie.state == 0) {
		cookie.state++;
		cookie.next = options;
	}

	uint32 bytesLeft = 0;

	switch (cookie.state) {
		case 1:
			// options from "options"
			bytesLeft = sizeof(options) - (cookie.next - options);
			break;

		case 2:
			// options from "file"
			bytesLeft = sizeof(file) - (cookie.next - file);
			break;

		case 3:
			// options from "server_name"
			bytesLeft = sizeof(server_name) - (cookie.next - server_name);
			break;
	}

	while (true) {
		if (bytesLeft == 0) {
			cookie.state++;

			// handle option overload in file and/or server_name fields.
			switch (cookie.state) {
				case 2:
					// options from "file"
					if (cookie.file_has_options) {
						bytesLeft = sizeof(file);
						cookie.next = file;
					}
					break;

				case 3:
					// options from "server_name"
					if (cookie.server_name_has_options) {
						bytesLeft = sizeof(server_name);
						cookie.next = server_name;
					}
					break;

				case 4:
					// no more place to look for options
					return false;
			}

			if (bytesLeft == 0) {
				// no options for this state, try next one
				continue;
			}
		}

		option = (message_option)cookie.next[0];
		if (option == OPTION_END) {
			bytesLeft = 0;
			continue;
		} else if (option == OPTION_PAD) {
			bytesLeft--;
			cookie.next++;
			continue;
		}

		size = cookie.next[1];
		data = &cookie.next[2];
		cookie.next += 2 + size;
		bytesLeft -= 2 + size;

		if (option == OPTION_OVERLOAD) {
			cookie.file_has_options = data[0] & 1;
			cookie.server_name_has_options = data[0] & 2;
			continue;
		}

		return true;
	}
}


message_type
dhcp_message::Type() const
{
	dhcp_option_cookie cookie;
	message_option option;
	const uint8* data;
	size_t size;
	while (NextOption(cookie, option, data, size)) {
		// iterate through all options
		if (option == OPTION_MESSAGE_TYPE)
			return (message_type)data[0];
	}

	return DHCP_NONE;
}


const uint8*
dhcp_message::LastOption() const
{
	dhcp_option_cookie cookie;
	message_option option;
	const uint8* data;
	size_t size;
	while (NextOption(cookie, option, data, size)) {
		// iterate through all options
	}

	return cookie.next;
}


size_t
dhcp_message::Size() const
{
	const uint8* last = LastOption();
	return sizeof(dhcp_message) - sizeof(options) + last + 1 - options;
}


uint8*
dhcp_message::PrepareMessage(uint8 type)
{
	uint8* next = options;
	next = PutOption(next, OPTION_MESSAGE_TYPE, type);
	next = PutOption(next, OPTION_MESSAGE_SIZE,
		(uint16)htons(sizeof(dhcp_message)));
	return next;
}


uint8*
dhcp_message::PutOption(uint8* options, message_option option)
{
	options[0] = option;
	return options + 1;
}


uint8*
dhcp_message::PutOption(uint8* options, message_option option, uint8 data)
{
	return PutOption(options, option, &data, 1);
}


uint8*
dhcp_message::PutOption(uint8* options, message_option option, uint16 data)
{
	return PutOption(options, option, (uint8*)&data, sizeof(data));
}


uint8*
dhcp_message::PutOption(uint8* options, message_option option, uint32 data)
{
	return PutOption(options, option, (uint8*)&data, sizeof(data));
}


uint8*
dhcp_message::PutOption(uint8* options, message_option option,
	const uint8* data, uint32 size)
{
	options[0] = option;
	options[1] = size;
	memcpy(&options[2], data, size);

	return options + 2 + size;
}


uint8*
dhcp_message::FinishOptions(uint8* options)
{
	return PutOption(options, OPTION_END);
}


/*static*/ const char*
dhcp_message::TypeToString(message_type type)
{
	switch (type) {
#define CASE(x) case x: return #x;
		CASE(DHCP_NONE)
		CASE(DHCP_DISCOVER)
		CASE(DHCP_OFFER)
		CASE(DHCP_REQUEST)
		CASE(DHCP_DECLINE)
		CASE(DHCP_ACK)
		CASE(DHCP_NACK)
		CASE(DHCP_RELEASE)
		CASE(DHCP_INFORM)
#undef CASE
	}

	return "<unknown>";
}


//	#pragma mark -


DHCPClient::DHCPClient(BMessenger target, const char* device)
	:
	AutoconfigClient("dhcp", target, device),
	fConfiguration(kMsgConfigureInterface),
	fResolverConfiguration(kMsgConfigureResolver),
	fRunner(NULL),
	fServer(AF_INET, NULL, DHCP_SERVER_PORT),
	fLeaseTime(0)
{
	fStartTime = system_time();
	fTransactionID = (uint32)fStartTime;

	BNetworkAddress link;
	BNetworkInterface interface(device);
	fStatus = interface.GetHardwareAddress(link);
	if (fStatus != B_OK)
		return;

	memcpy(fMAC, link.LinkLevelAddress(), sizeof(fMAC));

	openlog_thread("DHCP", 0, LOG_DAEMON);
}


DHCPClient::~DHCPClient()
{
	if (fStatus != B_OK)
		return;

	delete fRunner;

	int socket = ::socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
	if (socket < 0)
		return;

	// release lease

	dhcp_message release(DHCP_RELEASE);
	_PrepareMessage(release, BOUND);

	_SendMessage(socket, release, fServer);
	close(socket);

	closelog_thread();
}


status_t
DHCPClient::Initialize()
{
	fStatus = _Negotiate(INIT);
	syslog(LOG_DEBUG, "DHCP for %s, status: %s\n", Device(), strerror(fStatus));
	return fStatus;
}


status_t
DHCPClient::_Negotiate(dhcp_state state)
{
	int socket = ::socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
	if (socket < 0)
		return errno;

	BNetworkAddress local;
	local.SetToWildcard(AF_INET, DHCP_CLIENT_PORT);

	// Enable reusing the port . This is needed in case there is more
	// than 1 interface that needs to be configured. Note that the only reason
	// this works is because there is code below to bind to a specific
	// interface.
	int option = 1;
	setsockopt(socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEPORT, &option, sizeof(option));

	if (bind(socket, local, local.Length()) < 0) {
		close(socket);
		return errno;
	}

	BNetworkAddress broadcast;
	broadcast.SetToBroadcast(AF_INET, DHCP_SERVER_PORT);

	option = 1;
	setsockopt(socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST, &option, sizeof(option));

	if (state == INIT) {
		// The local interface does not have an address yet, bind the socket
		// to the device directly.
		BNetworkDevice device(Device());
		int index = device.Index();

		setsockopt(socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BINDTODEVICE, &index, sizeof(int));
	}

	bigtime_t previousLeaseTime = fLeaseTime;
	fLeaseTime = 0;
	fRenewalTime = 0;
	fRebindingTime = 0;

	status_t status = B_ERROR;
	time_t timeout;
	uint32 tries;
	_ResetTimeout(socket, timeout, tries);

	dhcp_message discover(DHCP_DISCOVER);
	_PrepareMessage(discover, state);

	dhcp_message request(DHCP_REQUEST);
	_PrepareMessage(request, state);

	// send discover/request message
	_SendMessage(socket, state == INIT ? discover : request,
		state != RENEWAL ? broadcast : fServer);
		// no need to check the status; in case of an error we'll just send
		// the message again

	// receive loop until we've got an offer and acknowledged it

	while (state != ACKNOWLEDGED) {
		char buffer[2048];
		ssize_t bytesReceived = recvfrom(socket, buffer, sizeof(buffer),
			0, NULL, NULL);
		if (bytesReceived < 0 && errno == B_TIMED_OUT) {
			// depending on the state, we'll just try again
			if (!_TimeoutShift(socket, timeout, tries)) {
				close(socket);
				return B_TIMED_OUT;
			}

			if (state == INIT)
				_SendMessage(socket, discover, broadcast);
			else {
				_SendMessage(socket, request,
					state != RENEWAL ? broadcast : fServer);
			}

			continue;
		} else if (bytesReceived < 0)
			break;

		dhcp_message* message = (dhcp_message*)buffer;
		if (message->transaction_id != htonl(fTransactionID)
			|| !message->HasOptions()
			|| memcmp(message->mac_address, discover.mac_address,
				discover.hardware_address_length)) {
			// this message is not for us
			continue;
		}

		syslog(LOG_DEBUG, "DHCP received %s for %s\n",
			dhcp_message::TypeToString(message->Type()), Device());

		switch (message->Type()) {
			case DHCP_NONE:
			default:
				// ignore this message
				break;

			case DHCP_OFFER:
			{
				// first offer wins
				if (state != INIT)
					break;

				// collect interface options

				fAssignedAddress = message->your_address;

				fConfiguration.MakeEmpty();
				fConfiguration.AddString("device", Device());
				fConfiguration.AddBool("auto", true);

				BMessage address;
				address.AddString("family", "inet");
				address.AddString("address", _ToString(fAssignedAddress));
				fResolverConfiguration.MakeEmpty();
				_ParseOptions(*message, address, fResolverConfiguration);

				fConfiguration.AddMessage("address", &address);

				// request configuration from the server

				_ResetTimeout(socket, timeout, tries);
				state = REQUESTING;
				_PrepareMessage(request, state);

				status = _SendMessage(socket, request, broadcast);
					// we're sending a broadcast so that all potential offers
					// get an answer
				break;
			}

			case DHCP_ACK:
			{
				if (state != REQUESTING && state != REBINDING
					&& state != RENEWAL)
					continue;

				// TODO: we might want to configure the stuff, don't we?
				BMessage address;
				fResolverConfiguration.MakeEmpty();
				_ParseOptions(*message, address, fResolverConfiguration);
					// TODO: currently, only lease time and DNS is updated this
					// way

				// our address request has been acknowledged
				state = ACKNOWLEDGED;

				// configure interface
				BMessage reply;
				status = Target().SendMessage(&fConfiguration, &reply);
				if (status == B_OK)
					status = reply.FindInt32("status", &fStatus);

				// configure resolver
				reply.MakeEmpty();
				status = Target().SendMessage(&fResolverConfiguration, &reply);
				if (status == B_OK)
					status = reply.FindInt32("status", &fStatus);
				break;
			}

			case DHCP_NACK:
				if (state != REQUESTING)
					continue;

				// try again (maybe we should prefer other servers if this
				// happens more than once)
				status = _SendMessage(socket, discover, broadcast);
				if (status == B_OK)
					state = INIT;
				break;
		}
	}

	close(socket);

	if (status == B_OK && fLeaseTime > 0) {
		// notify early enough when the lease is
		if (fRenewalTime == 0)
			fRenewalTime = fLeaseTime * 2/3;
		if (fRebindingTime == 0)
			fRebindingTime = fLeaseTime * 5/6;

		bigtime_t now = system_time();
		_RestartLease(fRenewalTime);

		fLeaseTime += now;
		fRenewalTime += now;
		fRebindingTime += now;
			// make lease times absolute
	} else {
		fLeaseTime = previousLeaseTime;
		bigtime_t now = system_time();
		fRenewalTime = (fLeaseTime - now) * 2/3 + now;
		fRebindingTime = (fLeaseTime - now) * 5/6 + now;
	}

	return status;
}


void
DHCPClient::_RestartLease(bigtime_t leaseTime)
{
	if (leaseTime == 0)
		return;

	BMessage lease(kMsgLeaseTime);
	fRunner = new BMessageRunner(this, &lease, leaseTime, 1);
}


void
DHCPClient::_ParseOptions(dhcp_message& message, BMessage& address,
	BMessage& resolverConfiguration)
{
	dhcp_option_cookie cookie;
	message_option option;
	const uint8* data;
	size_t size;
	while (message.NextOption(cookie, option, data, size)) {
		// iterate through all options
		switch (option) {
			case OPTION_ROUTER_ADDRESS:
				address.AddString("gateway", _ToString(data));
				break;
			case OPTION_SUBNET_MASK:
				address.AddString("mask", _ToString(data));
				break;
			case OPTION_BROADCAST_ADDRESS:
				address.AddString("broadcast", _ToString(data));
				break;
			case OPTION_DOMAIN_NAME_SERVER:
			{
				for (uint32 i = 0; i < size / 4; i++) {
					syslog(LOG_INFO, "DHCP for %s got DNS: %s\n", Device(),
						_ToString(&data[i * 4]).String());
					resolverConfiguration.AddString("nameserver",
						_ToString(&data[i * 4]).String());
				}
				resolverConfiguration.AddInt32("nameserver_count",
					size / 4);
				break;
			}
			case OPTION_SERVER_ADDRESS:
				fServer.SetAddress(*(in_addr_t*)data);
				break;

			case OPTION_ADDRESS_LEASE_TIME:
				syslog(LOG_INFO, "lease time of %lu seconds\n",
					htonl(*(uint32*)data));
				fLeaseTime = htonl(*(uint32*)data) * 1000000LL;
				break;
			case OPTION_RENEWAL_TIME:
				syslog(LOG_INFO, "renewal time of %lu seconds\n",
					htonl(*(uint32*)data));
				fRenewalTime = htonl(*(uint32*)data) * 1000000LL;
				break;
			case OPTION_REBINDING_TIME:
				syslog(LOG_INFO, "rebinding time of %lu seconds\n",
					htonl(*(uint32*)data));
				fRebindingTime = htonl(*(uint32*)data) * 1000000LL;
				break;

			case OPTION_HOST_NAME:
				syslog(LOG_INFO, "DHCP host name: \"%.*s\"\n", (int)size,
					(const char*)data);
				break;

			case OPTION_DOMAIN_NAME:
			{
				char domain[256];
				strlcpy(domain, (const char*)data,
					min_c(size + 1, sizeof(domain)));

				syslog(LOG_INFO, "DHCP domain name: \"%s\"\n", domain);

				resolverConfiguration.AddString("domain", domain);
				break;
			}

			case OPTION_MESSAGE_TYPE:
				break;

			default:
				syslog(LOG_INFO, "unknown option %lu\n", (uint32)option);
				break;
		}
	}
}


void
DHCPClient::_PrepareMessage(dhcp_message& message, dhcp_state state)
{
	message.opcode = BOOT_REQUEST;
	message.hardware_type = ARP_HARDWARE_TYPE_ETHER;
	message.hardware_address_length = 6;
	message.transaction_id = htonl(fTransactionID);
	message.seconds_since_start = htons(min_c((system_time() - fStartTime)
		/ 1000000LL, 65535));
	memcpy(message.mac_address, fMAC, 6);

	message_type type = message.Type();

	switch (type) {
		case DHCP_REQUEST:
		case DHCP_RELEASE:
		{
			// add server identifier option
			const sockaddr_in& server = (sockaddr_in&)fServer.SockAddr();
			uint8* next = message.PrepareMessage(type);
			next = message.PutOption(next, OPTION_SERVER_ADDRESS,
				(uint32)server.sin_addr.s_addr);

			// In RENEWAL or REBINDING state, we must set the client_address field, and not
			// use OPTION_REQUEST_IP_ADDRESS for DHCP_REQUEST messages
			if (type == DHCP_REQUEST && (state == INIT || state == REQUESTING)) {
				next = message.PutOption(next, OPTION_REQUEST_IP_ADDRESS,
					(uint32)fAssignedAddress);
				next = message.PutOption(next, OPTION_REQUEST_PARAMETERS,
					kRequestParameters, sizeof(kRequestParameters));
			} else
				message.client_address = fAssignedAddress;

			message.FinishOptions(next);
			break;
		}

		case DHCP_DISCOVER:
		{
			uint8* next = message.PrepareMessage(type);
			next = message.PutOption(next, OPTION_REQUEST_PARAMETERS,
				kRequestParameters, sizeof(kRequestParameters));
			message.FinishOptions(next);
			break;
		}

		default:
			// the default options are fine
			break;
	}
}


void
DHCPClient::_ResetTimeout(int socket, time_t& timeout, uint32& tries)
{
	timeout = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT;
	tries = 0;

	struct timeval value;
	value.tv_sec = timeout;
	value.tv_usec = 0;
	setsockopt(socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, &value, sizeof(value));
}


bool
DHCPClient::_TimeoutShift(int socket, time_t& timeout, uint32& tries)
{
	timeout += timeout;
	if (timeout > MAX_TIMEOUT) {
		timeout = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT;

		if (++tries > 2)
			return false;
	}
	syslog(LOG_DEBUG, "DHCP timeout shift for %s: %lu secs (try %lu)\n",
		Device(), timeout, tries);

	struct timeval value;
	value.tv_sec = timeout;
	value.tv_usec = 0;
	setsockopt(socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, &value, sizeof(value));

	return true;
}


BString
DHCPClient::_ToString(const uint8* data) const
{
	BString target = inet_ntoa(*(in_addr*)data);
	return target;
}


BString
DHCPClient::_ToString(in_addr_t address) const
{
	BString target = inet_ntoa(*(in_addr*)&address);
	return target;
}


status_t
DHCPClient::_SendMessage(int socket, dhcp_message& message,
	const BNetworkAddress& address) const
{
	syslog(LOG_DEBUG, "DHCP send message %s for %s\n",
		dhcp_message::TypeToString(message.Type()), Device());

	ssize_t bytesSent = sendto(socket, &message, message.Size(),
		address.IsBroadcast() ? MSG_BCAST : 0, address, address.Length());
	if (bytesSent < 0)
		return errno;

	return B_OK;
}


dhcp_state
DHCPClient::_CurrentState() const
{
	bigtime_t now = system_time();

	if (now > fLeaseTime || fStatus < B_OK)
		return INIT;
	if (now >= fRebindingTime)
		return REBINDING;
	if (now >= fRenewalTime)
		return RENEWAL;

	return BOUND;
}


void
DHCPClient::MessageReceived(BMessage* message)
{
	switch (message->what) {
		case kMsgLeaseTime:
		{
			dhcp_state state = _CurrentState();

			bigtime_t next;
			if (_Negotiate(state) == B_OK) {
				switch (state) {
					case RENEWAL:
						next = fRebindingTime;
						break;
					case REBINDING:
					default:
						next = fRenewalTime;
						break;
				}
			} else {
				switch (state) {
					case RENEWAL:
						next = (fLeaseTime - fRebindingTime) / 4 + system_time();
						break;
					case REBINDING:
					default:
						next = (fLeaseTime - fRenewalTime) / 4 + system_time();
						break;
				}
			}

			_RestartLease(next - system_time());
			break;
		}

		default:
			BHandler::MessageReceived(message);
			break;
	}
}