kits/support/String.cpp

/*
 * Copyright 2001-2021 Haiku, Inc. All rights reserved.
 * Distributed under the terms of the MIT License.
 *
 * Authors:
 *		Stefano Ceccherini, burton666@libero.it
 *		Axel Dörfler, axeld@pinc-software.de
 *		Marc Flerackers, mflerackers@androme.be
 *		Julun, host.haiku@gmx.de
 *		Michael Lotz, mmlr@mlotz.ch
 *		Oliver Tappe, openbeos@hirschkaefer.de
 */


/*! String class supporting common string operations. */

#include <String.h>

#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <strings.h>

#include <Debug.h>
#include <StringList.h>

#include <StringPrivate.h>
#include <utf8_functions.h>


// define proper names for case-option of _DoReplace()
#define KEEP_CASE false
#define IGNORE_CASE true

// define proper names for count-option of _DoReplace()
#define REPLACE_ALL 0x7FFFFFFF


static const uint32 kPrivateDataOffset = BString::Private::kPrivateDataOffset;

const char* B_EMPTY_STRING = "";


// helper function, returns minimum of two given values (but clamps to 0):
static inline int32
min_clamp0(int32 num1, int32 num2)
{
	if (num1 < num2)
		return num1 > 0 ? num1 : 0;

	return num2 > 0 ? num2 : 0;
}


//! Returns length of given string (but clamps to given maximum).
static inline int32
strlen_clamp(const char* string, int32 max)
{
	// this should yield 0 for max<0:
	return max <= 0 ? 0 : strnlen(string, max);
}


//! Helper function for strlen() that can handle NULL strings.
static inline size_t
string_length(const char* string)
{
	return string != NULL ? strlen(string) : 0;
}


//! helper function, massages given pointer into a legal c-string:
static inline const char*
safestr(const char* string)
{
	return string != NULL ? string : "";
}


//	#pragma mark - PosVect


class BString::PosVect {
public:
	PosVect()
		:
		fSize(0),
		fBufferSize(20),
		fBuffer(NULL)
	{
	}

	~PosVect()
	{
		free(fBuffer);
	}

	bool Add(int32 pos)
	{
		if (fBuffer == NULL || fSize == fBufferSize) {
			if (fBuffer != NULL)
				fBufferSize *= 2;

			int32* newBuffer =
				(int32*)realloc(fBuffer, fBufferSize * sizeof(int32));
			if (newBuffer == NULL)
				return false;

			fBuffer = newBuffer;
		}

		fBuffer[fSize++] = pos;

		return true;
	}

	inline int32 ItemAt(int32 index) const
	{
		return fBuffer[index];
	}

	inline int32 CountItems() const
	{
		return fSize;
	}

private:
	int32	fSize;
	int32	fBufferSize;
	int32*	fBuffer;
};


//	#pragma mark - BString


inline int32&
BString::_ReferenceCount()
{
	return Private::DataRefCount(fPrivateData);
}


inline const int32&
BString::_ReferenceCount() const
{
	return Private::DataRefCount(fPrivateData);
}


inline bool
BString::_IsShareable() const
{
	return fPrivateData != NULL && _ReferenceCount() >= 0;
}


BString::BString()
	:
	fPrivateData(NULL)
{
	_Init("", 0);
}


BString::BString(const char* string)
	:
	fPrivateData(NULL)
{
	_Init(string, strlen(safestr(string)));
}


BString::BString(const BString& string)
	:
	fPrivateData(NULL)
{
	// check if source is sharable - if so, share else clone
	if (string._IsShareable()) {
		fPrivateData = string.fPrivateData;
		atomic_add(&_ReferenceCount(), 1);
			// string cannot go away right now
	} else
		_Init(string.String(), string.Length());
}


BString::BString(const char* string, int32 maxLength)
	: fPrivateData(NULL)
{
	_Init(string, strlen_clamp(safestr(string), maxLength));
}


#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
BString::BString(BString&& string)
{
	fPrivateData = string.fPrivateData;
	string.fPrivateData = NULL;
}
#endif


BString::~BString()
{
	_ReleasePrivateData();
}


//	#pragma mark - Access


int32
BString::CountChars() const
{
	return UTF8CountChars(fPrivateData, Length());
}


int32
BString::CountBytes(int32 fromCharOffset, int32 charCount) const
{
	return UTF8CountBytes(
		fPrivateData + UTF8CountBytes(fPrivateData, fromCharOffset), charCount);
}


/*static*/ uint32
BString::HashValue(const char* string)
{
	// from the Dragon Book: a slightly modified hashpjw()
    uint32 h = 0;
    if (string != NULL) {
        for (; *string; string++) {
            uint32 g = h & 0xf0000000;
            if (g)
                h ^= g >> 24;
            h = (h << 4) + *string;
        }
    }
    return h;
}


//	#pragma mark - Assignment


BString&
BString::operator=(const BString& string)
{
	return SetTo(string);
}


BString&
BString::operator=(const char* string)
{
	if (!string)
		string = "";
	if (string != String())
		SetTo(string, strlen(string));
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::operator=(char c)
{
	return SetTo(c, 1);
}


#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
BString&
BString::operator=(BString&& string)
{
	if (this != &string) {
		_ReleasePrivateData();
		fPrivateData = string.fPrivateData;
		string.fPrivateData = NULL;
	}
	return *this;
}
#endif


BString&
BString::SetTo(const char* string, int32 maxLength)
{
	if (maxLength < 0)
		maxLength = INT32_MAX;

	maxLength = strlen_clamp(safestr(string), maxLength);

	if (_MakeWritable(maxLength, false) == B_OK)
		memcpy(fPrivateData, string, maxLength);

	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::SetTo(const BString& string)
{
	// we share the information already
	if (fPrivateData == string.fPrivateData)
		return *this;

	_ReleasePrivateData();

	// if source is sharable share, otherwise clone
	if (string._IsShareable()) {
		fPrivateData = string.fPrivateData;
		atomic_add(&_ReferenceCount(), 1);
			// the string cannot go away right now
	} else
		_Init(string.String(), string.Length());

	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::Adopt(BString& from)
{
	SetTo(from);
	from.SetTo("");

	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::SetTo(const BString& string, int32 maxLength)
{
	if (maxLength < 0)
		maxLength = INT32_MAX;
	if (fPrivateData != string.fPrivateData
		// make sure we reassing in case length is different
		|| (fPrivateData == string.fPrivateData && Length() > maxLength)) {
		maxLength = min_clamp0(maxLength, string.Length());
		if (_MakeWritable(maxLength, false) == B_OK)
			memcpy(fPrivateData, string.String(), maxLength);
	}
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::Adopt(BString& from, int32 maxLength)
{
	SetTo(from, maxLength);
	from.SetTo("");

	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::SetTo(char c, int32 count)
{
	if (count < 0)
		count = 0;

	if (_MakeWritable(count, false) == B_OK)
		memset(fPrivateData, c, count);

	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::SetToChars(const char* string, int32 charCount)
{
	return SetTo(string, UTF8CountBytes(string, charCount));
}


BString&
BString::SetToChars(const BString& string, int32 charCount)
{
	return SetTo(string, UTF8CountBytes(string.String(), charCount));
}


BString&
BString::AdoptChars(BString& string, int32 charCount)
{
	return Adopt(string, UTF8CountBytes(string.String(), charCount));
}


BString&
BString::SetToFormat(const char* format, ...)
{
	va_list args;
	va_start(args, format);
	SetToFormatVarArgs(format, args);
	va_end(args);

	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::SetToFormatVarArgs(const char* format, va_list args)
{
	// Use a small on-stack buffer to save a second vsnprintf() call for most
	// use cases.
	int32 bufferSize = 1024;
	char buffer[bufferSize];

	va_list clonedArgs;
#if __GNUC__ == 2
	__va_copy(clonedArgs, args);
#else
	va_copy(clonedArgs, args);
#endif
	int32 bytes = vsnprintf(buffer, bufferSize, format, clonedArgs);
	va_end(clonedArgs);

	if (bytes < 0)
		return Truncate(0);

	if (bytes < bufferSize) {
		SetTo(buffer);
		return *this;
	}

	bytes = vsnprintf(LockBuffer(bytes), bytes + 1, format, args);
	if (bytes < 0)
		bytes = 0;

	UnlockBuffer(bytes);
	return *this;
}


int
BString::ScanWithFormat(const char* format, ...)
{
	va_list args;
	va_start(args, format);
	int result = ScanWithFormatVarArgs(format, args);
	va_end(args);

	return result;
}


int
BString::ScanWithFormatVarArgs(const char* format, va_list args)
{
	return vsscanf(fPrivateData, format, args);
}


//	#pragma mark - Substring copying


BString&
BString::CopyInto(BString& into, int32 fromOffset, int32 length) const
{
	if (this != &into)
		into.SetTo(fPrivateData + fromOffset, length);
	return into;
}


void
BString::CopyInto(char* into, int32 fromOffset, int32 length) const
{
	if (into) {
		length = min_clamp0(length, Length() - fromOffset);
		memcpy(into, fPrivateData + fromOffset, length);
	}
}


BString&
BString::CopyCharsInto(BString& into, int32 fromCharOffset,
	int32 charCount) const
{
	int32 fromOffset = UTF8CountBytes(fPrivateData, fromCharOffset);
	int32 length = UTF8CountBytes(fPrivateData + fromOffset, charCount);
	return CopyInto(into, fromOffset, length);
}


bool
BString::CopyCharsInto(char* into, int32* intoLength, int32 fromCharOffset,
	int32 charCount) const
{
	if (into == NULL)
		return false;

	int32 fromOffset = UTF8CountBytes(fPrivateData, fromCharOffset);
	int32 length = UTF8CountBytes(fPrivateData + fromOffset, charCount);
	length = min_clamp0(length, Length() - fromOffset);

	if (intoLength != NULL) {
		if (*intoLength < length)
			return false;
		*intoLength = length;
	}

	memcpy(into, fPrivateData + fromOffset, length);
	return true;
}


bool
BString::Split(const char* separator, bool noEmptyStrings,
	BStringList& _list) const
{
	int32 separatorLength = strlen(separator);
	int32 length = Length();
	if (separatorLength == 0 || length == 0 || separatorLength > length) {
		if (length == 0 && noEmptyStrings)
			return true;
		return _list.Add(*this);
	}

	int32 index = 0;
	for (;;) {
		int32 endIndex = index < length ? FindFirst(separator, index) : length;
		if (endIndex < 0)
			endIndex = length;

		if (endIndex > index || !noEmptyStrings) {
			BString toAppend(String() + index, endIndex - index);
			if (toAppend.Length() != endIndex - index
				|| !_list.Add(toAppend)) {
				return false;
			}
		}

		if (endIndex == length)
			break;

		index = endIndex + separatorLength;
	}

	return true;
}


//	#pragma mark - Appending


BString&
BString::operator+=(const char* string)
{
	if (string) {
		int32 length = strlen(string);
		if (length > 0)
			_DoAppend(string, length);
	}
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::operator+=(char c)
{
	_DoAppend(&c, 1);
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::Append(const BString& string, int32 length)
{
	if (&string != this) {
		length = min_clamp0(length, string.Length());
		if (length > 0)
			_DoAppend(string.fPrivateData, length);
	}
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::Append(const char* string, int32 length)
{
	if (string) {
		length = strlen_clamp(string, length);
		if (length > 0)
			_DoAppend(string, length);
	}
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::Append(char c, int32 count)
{
	int32 oldLength = Length();
	if (count > 0 && _DoAppend("", count))
		memset(fPrivateData + oldLength, c, count);
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::AppendChars(const BString& string, int32 charCount)
{
	return Append(string, UTF8CountBytes(string.String(), charCount));
}


BString&
BString::AppendChars(const char* string, int32 charCount)
{
	return Append(string, UTF8CountBytes(string, charCount));
}


//	#pragma mark - Prepending


BString&
BString::Prepend(const char* string)
{
	if (string)
		_DoPrepend(string, strlen(string));
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::Prepend(const BString& string)
{
	if (&string != this)
		_DoPrepend(string.String(), string.Length());
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::Prepend(const char* string, int32 length)
{
	if (string)
		_DoPrepend(string, strlen_clamp(string, length));
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::Prepend(const BString& string, int32 length)
{
	if (&string != this)
		_DoPrepend(string.fPrivateData, min_clamp0(length, string.Length()));
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::Prepend(char c, int32 count)
{
	if (count > 0 && _DoPrepend("", count))
		memset(fPrivateData, c, count);
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::PrependChars(const char* string, int32 charCount)
{
	return Prepend(string, UTF8CountBytes(string, charCount));
}


BString&
BString::PrependChars(const BString& string, int32 charCount)
{
	return Prepend(string, UTF8CountBytes(string.String(), charCount));
}


//	#pragma mark - Inserting


BString&
BString::Insert(const char* string, int32 position)
{
	if (string != NULL && position <= Length()) {
		int32 len = int32(strlen(string));
		if (position < 0) {
			int32 skipLen = min_clamp0(-1 * position, len);
			string += skipLen;
			len -= skipLen;
			position = 0;
		} else {
			position = min_clamp0(position, Length());
		}
		_DoInsert(string, position, len);
	}
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::Insert(const char* string, int32 length, int32 position)
{
	if (string != NULL && position <= Length()) {
		int32 len = strlen_clamp(string, length);
		if (position < 0) {
			int32 skipLen = min_clamp0(-1 * position, len);
			string += skipLen;
			len -= skipLen;
			position = 0;
		} else {
			position = min_clamp0(position, Length());
		}
		_DoInsert(string, position, len);
	}
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::Insert(const char* string, int32 fromOffset, int32 length,
	int32 position)
{
	if (string)
		Insert(string + fromOffset, length, position);
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::Insert(const BString& string, int32 position)
{
	if (&string != this && string.Length() > 0)
		Insert(string.fPrivateData, position);
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::Insert(const BString& string, int32 length, int32 position)
{
	if (&string != this && string.Length() > 0)
		Insert(string.String(), length, position);
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::Insert(const BString& string, int32 fromOffset, int32 length,
	int32 position)
{
	if (&string != this && string.Length() > 0)
		Insert(string.String() + fromOffset, length, position);
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::Insert(char c, int32 count, int32 position)
{
	if (position < 0) {
		count = MAX(count + position, 0);
		position = 0;
	} else
		position = min_clamp0(position, Length());

	if (count > 0 && _DoInsert("", position, count))
		memset(fPrivateData + position, c, count);

	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::InsertChars(const char* string, int32 charPosition)
{
	return Insert(string, UTF8CountBytes(fPrivateData, charPosition));
}


BString&
BString::InsertChars(const char* string, int32 charCount, int32 charPosition)
{
	return Insert(string, UTF8CountBytes(string, charCount),
		UTF8CountBytes(fPrivateData, charPosition));
}


BString&
BString::InsertChars(const char* string, int32 fromCharOffset,
	int32 charCount, int32 charPosition)
{
	int32 fromOffset = UTF8CountBytes(string, fromCharOffset);
	return Insert(string, fromOffset,
		UTF8CountBytes(string + fromOffset, charCount),
		UTF8CountBytes(fPrivateData, charPosition));
}


BString&
BString::InsertChars(const BString& string, int32 charPosition)
{
	return Insert(string, UTF8CountBytes(fPrivateData, charPosition));
}


BString&
BString::InsertChars(const BString& string, int32 charCount, int32 charPosition)
{
	return Insert(string, UTF8CountBytes(string.String(), charCount),
		UTF8CountBytes(fPrivateData, charPosition));
}


BString&
BString::InsertChars(const BString& string, int32 fromCharOffset,
	int32 charCount, int32 charPosition)
{
	int32 fromOffset = UTF8CountBytes(string.String(), fromCharOffset);
	return Insert(string, fromOffset,
		UTF8CountBytes(string.String() + fromOffset, charCount),
		UTF8CountBytes(fPrivateData, charPosition));
}


//	#pragma mark - Removing


BString&
BString::Truncate(int32 newLength, bool lazy)
{
	if (newLength < 0)
		newLength = 0;

	if (newLength < Length()) {
		// ignore lazy, since we might detach
		_MakeWritable(newLength, true);
	}

	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::TruncateChars(int32 newCharCount, bool lazy)
{
	return Truncate(UTF8CountBytes(fPrivateData, newCharCount));
}


BString&
BString::Remove(int32 from, int32 length)
{
	if (length > 0 && from < Length())
		_ShrinkAtBy(from, min_clamp0(length, (Length() - from)));
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::RemoveChars(int32 fromCharOffset, int32 charCount)
{
	int32 fromOffset = UTF8CountBytes(fPrivateData, fromCharOffset);
	return Remove(fromOffset,
		UTF8CountBytes(fPrivateData + fromOffset, charCount));
}


BString&
BString::RemoveFirst(const BString& string)
{
	if (string.Length() > 0) {
		int32 pos = _ShortFindAfter(string.String(), string.Length());
		if (pos >= 0)
			_ShrinkAtBy(pos, string.Length());
	}
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::RemoveLast(const BString& string)
{
	int32 pos = _FindBefore(string.String(), Length(), string.Length());
	if (pos >= 0)
		_ShrinkAtBy(pos, string.Length());

	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::RemoveAll(const BString& string)
{
	if (string.Length() == 0 || Length() == 0 || FindFirst(string) < 0)
		return *this;

	if (_MakeWritable() != B_OK)
		return *this;

	return _DoReplace(string.String(), "", REPLACE_ALL, 0, KEEP_CASE);
}


BString&
BString::RemoveFirst(const char* string)
{
	int32 length = string ? strlen(string) : 0;
	if (length > 0) {
		int32 pos = _ShortFindAfter(string, length);
		if (pos >= 0)
			_ShrinkAtBy(pos, length);
	}
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::RemoveLast(const char* string)
{
	int32 length = string ? strlen(string) : 0;
	if (length > 0) {
		int32 pos = _FindBefore(string, Length(), length);
		if (pos >= 0)
			_ShrinkAtBy(pos, length);
	}
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::RemoveAll(const char* string)
{
	if (!string || Length() == 0 || FindFirst(string) < 0)
		return *this;

	if (_MakeWritable() != B_OK)
		return *this;

	return _DoReplace(string, "", REPLACE_ALL, 0, KEEP_CASE);
}


BString&
BString::RemoveSet(const char* setOfBytesToRemove)
{
	return ReplaceSet(setOfBytesToRemove, "");
}


BString&
BString::RemoveCharsSet(const char* setOfCharsToRemove)
{
	return ReplaceCharsSet(setOfCharsToRemove, "");
}


BString&
BString::MoveInto(BString& into, int32 from, int32 length)
{
	if (length) {
		CopyInto(into, from, length);
		Remove(from, length);
	}
	return into;
}


void
BString::MoveInto(char* into, int32 from, int32 length)
{
	if (into) {
		CopyInto(into, from, length);
		Remove(from, length);
	}
}


BString&
BString::MoveCharsInto(BString& into, int32 fromCharOffset, int32 charCount)
{
	if (charCount > 0) {
		CopyCharsInto(into, fromCharOffset, charCount);
		RemoveChars(fromCharOffset, charCount);
	}

	return into;
}


bool
BString::MoveCharsInto(char* into, int32* intoLength, int32 fromCharOffset,
	int32 charCount)
{
	if (!CopyCharsInto(into, intoLength, fromCharOffset, charCount))
		return false;

	RemoveChars(fromCharOffset, charCount);
	return true;
}


//	#pragma mark - Compare functions


bool
BString::operator<(const char* string) const
{
	return strcmp(String(), safestr(string)) < 0;
}


bool
BString::operator<=(const char* string) const
{
	return strcmp(String(), safestr(string)) <= 0;
}


bool
BString::operator==(const char* string) const
{
	return strcmp(String(), safestr(string)) == 0;
}


bool
BString::operator>=(const char* string) const
{
	return strcmp(String(), safestr(string)) >= 0;
}


bool
BString::operator>(const char* string) const
{
	return strcmp(String(), safestr(string)) > 0;
}


//	#pragma mark - strcmp()-style compare functions


int
BString::Compare(const BString& string) const
{
	return strcmp(String(), string.String());
}


int
BString::Compare(const char* string) const
{
	return strcmp(String(), safestr(string));
}


int
BString::Compare(const BString& string, int32 length) const
{
	return strncmp(String(), string.String(), length);
}


int
BString::Compare(const char* string, int32 length) const
{
	return strncmp(String(), safestr(string), length);
}


int
BString::CompareAt(size_t offset, const BString& string, int32 length) const
{
	return strncmp(String() + offset, string.String(), length);
}


int
BString::CompareChars(const BString& string, int32 charCount) const
{
	return Compare(string, UTF8CountBytes(fPrivateData, charCount));
}


int
BString::CompareChars(const char* string, int32 charCount) const
{
	return Compare(string, UTF8CountBytes(fPrivateData, charCount));
}


int
BString::ICompare(const BString& string) const
{
	return strcasecmp(String(), string.String());
}


int
BString::ICompare(const char* string) const
{
	return strcasecmp(String(), safestr(string));
}


int
BString::ICompare(const BString& string, int32 length) const
{
	return strncasecmp(String(), string.String(), length);
}


int
BString::ICompare(const char* string, int32 length) const
{
	return strncasecmp(String(), safestr(string), length);
}


//	#pragma mark - Searching


int32
BString::FindFirst(const BString& string) const
{
	return _ShortFindAfter(string.String(), string.Length());
}


int32
BString::FindFirst(const char* string) const
{
	if (string == NULL)
		return B_BAD_VALUE;

	return _ShortFindAfter(string, strlen(string));
}


int32
BString::FindFirst(const BString& string, int32 fromOffset) const
{
	if (fromOffset < 0)
		return B_ERROR;

	return _FindAfter(string.String(), min_clamp0(fromOffset, Length()),
		string.Length());
}


int32
BString::FindFirst(const char* string, int32 fromOffset) const
{
	if (string == NULL)
		return B_BAD_VALUE;

	if (fromOffset < 0)
		return B_ERROR;

	return _FindAfter(string, min_clamp0(fromOffset, Length()),
		strlen(safestr(string)));
}


int32
BString::FindFirst(char c) const
{
	const char* start = String();
	const char* end = String() + Length();

	// Scans the string until we found the
	// character, or we reach the string's start
	while (start != end && *start != c) {
		start++;
	}

	if (start == end)
		return B_ERROR;

	return start - String();
}


int32
BString::FindFirst(char c, int32 fromOffset) const
{
	if (fromOffset < 0)
		return B_ERROR;

	const char* start = String() + min_clamp0(fromOffset, Length());
	const char* end = String() + Length();

	// Scans the string until we found the
	// character, or we reach the string's start
	while (start < end && *start != c) {
		start++;
	}

	if (start >= end)
		return B_ERROR;

	return start - String();
}


int32
BString::FindFirstChars(const BString& string, int32 fromCharOffset) const
{
	return FindFirst(string, UTF8CountBytes(fPrivateData, fromCharOffset));
}


int32
BString::FindFirstChars(const char* string, int32 fromCharOffset) const
{
	return FindFirst(string, UTF8CountBytes(fPrivateData, fromCharOffset));
}


int32
BString::FindLast(const BString& string) const
{
	return _FindBefore(string.String(), Length(), string.Length());
}


int32
BString::FindLast(const char* string) const
{
	if (string == NULL)
		return B_BAD_VALUE;

	return _FindBefore(string, Length(), strlen(safestr(string)));
}


int32
BString::FindLast(const BString& string, int32 beforeOffset) const
{
	if (beforeOffset < 0)
		return B_ERROR;

	return _FindBefore(string.String(), min_clamp0(beforeOffset, Length()),
		string.Length());
}


int32
BString::FindLast(const char* string, int32 beforeOffset) const
{
	if (string == NULL)
		return B_BAD_VALUE;

	if (beforeOffset < 0)
		return B_ERROR;

	return _FindBefore(string, min_clamp0(beforeOffset, Length()),
		strlen(safestr(string)));
}


int32
BString::FindLast(char c) const
{
	const char* const start = String();
	const char* end = String() + Length() - 1;

	// Scans the string backwards until we found
	// the character, or we reach the string's start
	while (end >= start && *end != c) {
		end--;
	}

	if (end < start)
		return B_ERROR;

	return end - start;
}


int32
BString::FindLast(char c, int32 beforeOffset) const
{
	if (beforeOffset < 0)
		return B_ERROR;

	const char* const start = String();
	const char* end = String() + min_clamp0(beforeOffset + 1, Length()) - 1;

	// Scans the string backwards until we found
	// the character, or we reach the string's start
	while (end >= start && *end != c) {
		end--;
	}

	if (end < start)
		return B_ERROR;

	return end - start;
}


int32
BString::FindLastChars(const BString& string, int32 beforeCharOffset) const
{
	return FindLast(string, UTF8CountBytes(fPrivateData, beforeCharOffset));
}


int32
BString::FindLastChars(const char* string, int32 beforeCharOffset) const
{
	return FindLast(string, UTF8CountBytes(fPrivateData, beforeCharOffset));
}


int32
BString::IFindFirst(const BString& string) const
{
	return _IFindAfter(string.String(), 0, string.Length());
}


int32
BString::IFindFirst(const char* string) const
{
	if (string == NULL)
		return B_BAD_VALUE;

	return _IFindAfter(string, 0, strlen(safestr(string)));
}


int32
BString::IFindFirst(const BString& string, int32 fromOffset) const
{
	if (fromOffset < 0)
		return B_ERROR;

	return _IFindAfter(string.String(), min_clamp0(fromOffset, Length()),
		string.Length());
}


int32
BString::IFindFirst(const char* string, int32 fromOffset) const
{
	if (string == NULL)
		return B_BAD_VALUE;

	if (fromOffset < 0)
		return B_ERROR;

	return _IFindAfter(string, min_clamp0(fromOffset,Length()),
		strlen(safestr(string)));
}


int32
BString::IFindLast(const BString& string) const
{
	return _IFindBefore(string.String(), Length(), string.Length());
}


int32
BString::IFindLast(const char* string) const
{
	if (string == NULL)
		return B_BAD_VALUE;

	return _IFindBefore(string, Length(), strlen(safestr(string)));
}


int32
BString::IFindLast(const BString& string, int32 beforeOffset) const
{
	if (beforeOffset < 0)
		return B_ERROR;

	return _IFindBefore(string.String(), min_clamp0(beforeOffset, Length()),
		string.Length());
}


int32
BString::IFindLast(const char* string, int32 beforeOffset) const
{
	if (string == NULL)
		return B_BAD_VALUE;

	if (beforeOffset < 0)
		return B_ERROR;

	return _IFindBefore(string, min_clamp0(beforeOffset, Length()),
		strlen(safestr(string)));
}


bool
BString::StartsWith(const BString& string) const
{
	return StartsWith(string.String(), string.Length());
}


bool
BString::StartsWith(const char* string) const
{
	return StartsWith(string, strlen(safestr(string)));
}


bool
BString::StartsWith(const char* string, int32 length) const
{
	if (length > Length())
		return false;

	return memcmp(String(), string, length) == 0;
}


bool
BString::IStartsWith(const BString& string) const
{
	return IStartsWith(string.String(), string.Length());
}


bool
BString::IStartsWith(const char* string) const
{
	return IStartsWith(string, strlen(safestr(string)));
}


bool
BString::IStartsWith(const char* string, int32 length) const
{
	if (length > Length() || length > (int32)strlen(safestr(string)))
		return false;

	return _IFindAfter(string, 0, length) == 0;
}


bool
BString::EndsWith(const BString& string) const
{
	return EndsWith(string.String(), string.Length());
}


bool
BString::EndsWith(const char* string) const
{
	return EndsWith(string, strlen(safestr(string)));
}


bool
BString::EndsWith(const char* string, int32 length) const
{
	int32 offset = Length() - length;
	if (offset < 0)
		return false;

	return memcmp(String() + offset, string, length) == 0;
}


bool
BString::IEndsWith(const BString& string) const
{
	return IEndsWith(string.String(), string.Length());
}


bool
BString::IEndsWith(const char* string) const
{
	return IEndsWith(string, strlen(safestr(string)));
}


bool
BString::IEndsWith(const char* string, int32 length) const
{
	int32 offset = Length() - length;
	if (offset < 0)
		return false;

	return _IFindBefore(string, Length(), length) == offset;
}


//	#pragma mark - Replacing


BString&
BString::ReplaceFirst(char replaceThis, char withThis)
{
	int32 pos = FindFirst(replaceThis);
	if (pos >= 0 && _MakeWritable() == B_OK)
		fPrivateData[pos] = withThis;
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::ReplaceLast(char replaceThis, char withThis)
{
	int32 pos = FindLast(replaceThis);
	if (pos >= 0 && _MakeWritable() == B_OK)
		fPrivateData[pos] = withThis;
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::ReplaceAll(char replaceThis, char withThis, int32 fromOffset)
{
	fromOffset = min_clamp0(fromOffset, Length());
	int32 pos = FindFirst(replaceThis, fromOffset);

	// detach and set first match
	if (pos >= 0 && _MakeWritable() == B_OK) {
		for( ; pos >= 0; pos = FindFirst(replaceThis, pos + 1))
			fPrivateData[pos] = withThis;
	}
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::Replace(char replaceThis, char withThis, int32 maxReplaceCount,
	int32 fromOffset)
{
	fromOffset = min_clamp0(fromOffset, Length());
	int32 pos = FindFirst(replaceThis, fromOffset);

	if (maxReplaceCount > 0 && pos >= 0 && _MakeWritable() == B_OK) {
		for( ; maxReplaceCount > 0 && pos >= 0;
			pos = FindFirst(replaceThis, pos + 1)) {
			fPrivateData[pos] = withThis;
			maxReplaceCount--;
		}
	}
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::ReplaceFirst(const char* replaceThis, const char* withThis)
{
	if (replaceThis == NULL || FindFirst(replaceThis) < 0)
		return *this;

	if (_MakeWritable() != B_OK)
		return *this;

	return _DoReplace(replaceThis, withThis, 1, 0, KEEP_CASE);
}


BString&
BString::ReplaceLast(const char* replaceThis, const char* withThis)
{
	if (replaceThis == NULL)
		return *this;
	if (withThis == NULL)
		withThis = "";

	int32 replaceThisLength = strlen(replaceThis);
	int32 pos = _FindBefore(replaceThis, Length(), replaceThisLength);

	if (pos >= 0) {
		int32 withThisLength = strlen(withThis);
		int32 difference = withThisLength - replaceThisLength;

		if (difference > 0) {
			if (!_OpenAtBy(pos, difference))
				return *this;
		} else if (difference < 0) {
			if (!_ShrinkAtBy(pos, -difference))
				return *this;
		} else {
			if (_MakeWritable() != B_OK)
				return *this;
		}
		memcpy(fPrivateData + pos, withThis, withThisLength);
	}

	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::ReplaceAll(const char* replaceThis, const char* withThis,
	int32 fromOffset)
{
	if (replaceThis == NULL || FindFirst(replaceThis) < 0)
		return *this;

	if (_MakeWritable() != B_OK)
		return *this;

	return _DoReplace(replaceThis, withThis, REPLACE_ALL,
		min_clamp0(fromOffset, Length()), KEEP_CASE);
}


BString&
BString::Replace(const char* replaceThis, const char* withThis,
	int32 maxReplaceCount, int32 fromOffset)
{
	if (replaceThis == NULL || maxReplaceCount <= 0
		|| FindFirst(replaceThis) < 0)
		return *this;

	if (_MakeWritable() != B_OK)
		return *this;

	return _DoReplace(replaceThis, withThis, maxReplaceCount,
		min_clamp0(fromOffset, Length()), KEEP_CASE);
}


BString&
BString::ReplaceAllChars(const char* replaceThis, const char* withThis,
	int32 fromCharOffset)
{
	return ReplaceAll(replaceThis, withThis,
		UTF8CountBytes(fPrivateData, fromCharOffset));
}


BString&
BString::ReplaceChars(const char* replaceThis, const char* withThis,
	int32 maxReplaceCount, int32 fromCharOffset)
{
	return Replace(replaceThis, withThis, maxReplaceCount,
		UTF8CountBytes(fPrivateData, fromCharOffset));
}


BString&
BString::IReplaceFirst(char replaceThis, char withThis)
{
	char tmp[2] = { replaceThis, '\0' };

	int32 pos = _IFindAfter(tmp, 0, 1);
	if (pos >= 0 && _MakeWritable() == B_OK)
		fPrivateData[pos] = withThis;
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::IReplaceLast(char replaceThis, char withThis)
{
	char tmp[2] = { replaceThis, '\0' };

	int32 pos = _IFindBefore(tmp, Length(), 1);
	if (pos >= 0 && _MakeWritable() == B_OK)
		fPrivateData[pos] = withThis;
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::IReplaceAll(char replaceThis, char withThis, int32 fromOffset)
{
	char tmp[2] = { replaceThis, '\0' };
	fromOffset = min_clamp0(fromOffset, Length());
	int32 pos = _IFindAfter(tmp, fromOffset, 1);

	if (pos >= 0 && _MakeWritable() == B_OK) {
		for( ; pos >= 0; pos = _IFindAfter(tmp, pos + 1, 1))
			fPrivateData[pos] = withThis;
	}
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::IReplace(char replaceThis, char withThis, int32 maxReplaceCount,
	int32 fromOffset)
{
	char tmp[2] = { replaceThis, '\0' };
	fromOffset = min_clamp0(fromOffset, Length());
	int32 pos = _IFindAfter(tmp, fromOffset, 1);

	if (maxReplaceCount > 0 && pos >= 0 && _MakeWritable() == B_OK) {
		for( ; maxReplaceCount > 0 && pos >= 0;
			pos = _IFindAfter(tmp, pos + 1, 1)) {
			fPrivateData[pos] = withThis;
			maxReplaceCount--;
		}
	}

	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::IReplaceFirst(const char* replaceThis, const char* withThis)
{
	if (replaceThis == NULL || IFindFirst(replaceThis) < 0)
		return *this;

	if (_MakeWritable() != B_OK)
		return *this;
	return _DoReplace(replaceThis, withThis, 1, 0, IGNORE_CASE);
}


BString&
BString::IReplaceLast(const char* replaceThis, const char* withThis)
{
	if (replaceThis == NULL)
		return *this;
	if (withThis == NULL)
		withThis = "";

	int32 replaceThisLength = strlen(replaceThis);
	int32 pos = _IFindBefore(replaceThis, Length(), replaceThisLength);

	if (pos >= 0) {
		int32 withThisLength = strlen(withThis);
		int32 difference = withThisLength - replaceThisLength;

		if (difference > 0) {
			if (!_OpenAtBy(pos, difference))
				return *this;
		} else if (difference < 0) {
			if (!_ShrinkAtBy(pos, -difference))
				return *this;
		} else {
			if (_MakeWritable() != B_OK)
				return *this;
		}
		memcpy(fPrivateData + pos, withThis, withThisLength);
	}

	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::IReplaceAll(const char* replaceThis, const char* withThis,
	int32 fromOffset)
{
	if (replaceThis == NULL || IFindFirst(replaceThis) < 0)
		return *this;

	if (_MakeWritable() != B_OK)
		return *this;

	return _DoReplace(replaceThis, withThis, REPLACE_ALL,
		min_clamp0(fromOffset, Length()), IGNORE_CASE);
}


BString&
BString::IReplace(const char* replaceThis, const char* withThis,
	int32 maxReplaceCount, int32 fromOffset)
{
	if (replaceThis == NULL || maxReplaceCount <= 0
		|| FindFirst(replaceThis) < 0)
		return *this;

	if (_MakeWritable() != B_OK)
		return *this;

	return _DoReplace(replaceThis, withThis, maxReplaceCount,
		min_clamp0(fromOffset, Length()), IGNORE_CASE);
}


BString&
BString::ReplaceSet(const char* setOfBytes, char with)
{
	if (!setOfBytes || strcspn(fPrivateData, setOfBytes) >= uint32(Length()))
		return *this;

	if (_MakeWritable() != B_OK)
		return *this;

	int32 offset = 0;
	int32 length = Length();
	for (int32 pos;;) {
		pos = strcspn(fPrivateData + offset, setOfBytes);

		offset += pos;
		if (offset >= length)
			break;

		fPrivateData[offset] = with;
		offset++;
	}

	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::ReplaceSet(const char* setOfBytes, const char* with)
{
	if (!setOfBytes || !with
		|| strcspn(fPrivateData, setOfBytes) >= uint32(Length()))
		return *this;

	// delegate simple case
	int32 withLen = strlen(with);
	if (withLen == 1)
		return ReplaceSet(setOfBytes, *with);

	if (_MakeWritable() != B_OK)
		return *this;

	int32 pos = 0;
	int32 searchLen = 1;
	int32 len = Length();

	PosVect positions;
	for (int32 offset = 0; offset < len; offset += (pos + searchLen)) {
		pos = strcspn(fPrivateData + offset, setOfBytes);
		if (pos + offset >= len)
			break;
		if (!positions.Add(offset + pos))
			return *this;
	}

	_ReplaceAtPositions(&positions, searchLen, with, withLen);
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::ReplaceCharsSet(const char* setOfChars, const char* with)
{
	if (!setOfChars || !with)
		return *this;

	int32 setCharCount = UTF8CountChars(setOfChars, -1);
	if ((uint32)setCharCount == strlen(setOfChars)) {
		// no multi-byte chars at all
		return ReplaceSet(setOfChars, with);
	}

	BString setString(setOfChars);
	BString result;

	int32 withLength = strlen(with);
	int32 charCount = CountChars();
	for (int32 i = 0; i < charCount; i++) {
		int32 charLength;
		const char* sourceChar = CharAt(i, &charLength);
		bool match = false;

		for (int32 j = 0; j < setCharCount; j++) {
			int32 setCharLength;
			const char* setChar = setString.CharAt(j, &setCharLength);
			if (charLength == setCharLength
				&& memcmp(sourceChar, setChar, charLength) == 0) {
				match = true;
				break;
			}
		}

		if (match)
			result.Append(with, withLength);
		else
			result.Append(sourceChar, charLength);
	}

	*this = result;
	return *this;
}


//	#pragma mark - Unchecked char access


#if __GNUC__ == 2
char&
BString::operator[](int32 index)
{
	if (_MakeWritable() != B_OK) {
		static char invalid;
		return invalid;
	}

	_ReferenceCount() = -1;
		// mark string as unshareable

	return fPrivateData[index];
}
#endif


const char*
BString::CharAt(int32 charIndex, int32* bytes) const
{
	int32 offset = UTF8CountBytes(fPrivateData, charIndex);
	if (bytes != NULL)
		*bytes = UTF8NextCharLen(fPrivateData + offset);
	return fPrivateData + offset;
}


bool
BString::CharAt(int32 charIndex, char* buffer, int32* bytes) const
{
	int32 length;
	const char* charAt = CharAt(charIndex, &length);
	if (bytes != NULL) {
		if (*bytes < length)
			return false;
		*bytes = length;
	}

	memcpy(buffer, charAt, length);
	return true;
}


//	#pragma mark - Fast low-level manipulation


char*
BString::LockBuffer(int32 maxLength)
{
	int32 length = Length();
	if (maxLength > length)
		length = maxLength;

	if (_MakeWritable(length, true) != B_OK)
		return NULL;

	_ReferenceCount() = -1;
		// mark unshareable

	return fPrivateData;
}


BString&
BString::UnlockBuffer(int32 length)
{
	if (length > 0)
		length = min_clamp0(length, Length());
	else
		length = fPrivateData == NULL ? 0 : strlen(fPrivateData);

	if (_Resize(length) != NULL) {
		fPrivateData[length] = '\0';
		_ReferenceCount() = 1;
			// mark shareable again
	}

	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::SetByteAt(int32 pos, char to)
{
	if (pos < Length() && _MakeWritable() == B_OK)
		fPrivateData[pos] = to;

	return *this;
}


//	#pragma mark - Uppercase <-> Lowercase


BString&
BString::ToLower()
{
	int32 length = Length();
	if (length > 0 && _MakeWritable() == B_OK) {
		for (int32 count = 0; count < length; count++)
			fPrivateData[count] = tolower(fPrivateData[count]);
	}
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::ToUpper()
{
	int32 length = Length();
	if (length > 0 && _MakeWritable() == B_OK) {
		for (int32 count = 0; count < length; count++)
			fPrivateData[count] = toupper(fPrivateData[count]);
	}
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::Capitalize()
{
	int32 length = Length();

	if (length > 0 && _MakeWritable() == B_OK) {
		fPrivateData[0] = toupper(fPrivateData[0]);
		for (int32 count = 1; count < length; count++)
			fPrivateData[count] = tolower(fPrivateData[count]);
	}
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::CapitalizeEachWord()
{
	int32 length = Length();

	if (length > 0 && _MakeWritable() == B_OK) {
		int32 count = 0;
		do {
			// Find the first alphabetical character...
			for (; count < length; count++) {
				if (isalpha(fPrivateData[count])) {
					// ...found! Convert it to uppercase.
					fPrivateData[count] = toupper(fPrivateData[count]);
					count++;
					break;
				}
			}

			// Now find the first non-alphabetical character,
			// and meanwhile, turn to lowercase all the alphabetical ones
			for (; count < length; count++) {
				if (isalpha(fPrivateData[count]))
					fPrivateData[count] = tolower(fPrivateData[count]);
				else
					break;
			}
		} while (count < length);
	}
	return *this;
}


//	#pragma mark - Escaping and De-escaping


BString&
BString::CharacterEscape(const char* original,
						 const char* setOfCharsToEscape, char escapeWith)
{
	if (setOfCharsToEscape)
		_DoCharacterEscape(original, setOfCharsToEscape, escapeWith);
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::CharacterEscape(const char* setOfCharsToEscape, char escapeWith)
{
	if (setOfCharsToEscape && Length() > 0)
		_DoCharacterEscape(fPrivateData, setOfCharsToEscape, escapeWith);
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::CharacterDeescape(const char* original, char escapeChar)
{
	return _DoCharacterDeescape(original, escapeChar);
}


BString&
BString::CharacterDeescape(char escapeChar)
{
	if (Length() > 0)
		_DoCharacterDeescape(fPrivateData, escapeChar);
	return *this;
}


//	#pragma mark - Trimming


BString&
BString::Trim()
{
	if (Length() <= 0)
		return *this;

	const char* string = String();

	// string is \0 terminated thus we don't need to check if we reached the end
	int32 startCount = 0;
	while (isspace(string[startCount]))
		startCount++;

	int32 endIndex = Length() - 1;
	while (endIndex >= startCount && isspace(string[endIndex]))
		endIndex--;

	if (startCount == 0 && endIndex == Length() - 1)
		return *this;

	// We actually need to trim

	ssize_t length = endIndex + 1 - startCount;
	ASSERT(length >= 0);
	if (startCount == 0 || length == 0) {
		_MakeWritable(length, true);
	} else if (_MakeWritable() == B_OK) {
		memmove(fPrivateData, fPrivateData + startCount, length);
		fPrivateData[length] = '\0';
		_SetLength(length);
	}

	return *this;
}


//	#pragma mark - Insert


BString&
BString::operator<<(const char* string)
{
	if (string != NULL) {
		int32 length = strlen(string);
		if (length > 0)
			_DoAppend(string, length);
	}
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::operator<<(const BString& string)
{
	if (string.Length() > 0)
		_DoAppend(string.String(), string.Length());
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::operator<<(char c)
{
	_DoAppend(&c, 1);
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::operator<<(bool value)
{
	if (value)
		_DoAppend("true", 4);
	else
		_DoAppend("false", 5);

	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::operator<<(int i)
{
	char num[32];
	int32 length = snprintf(num, sizeof(num), "%d", i);

	_DoAppend(num, length);
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::operator<<(unsigned int i)
{
	char num[32];
	int32 length = snprintf(num, sizeof(num), "%u", i);

	_DoAppend(num, length);
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::operator<<(unsigned long i)
{
	char num[32];
	int32 length = snprintf(num, sizeof(num), "%lu", i);

	_DoAppend(num, length);
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::operator<<(long i)
{
	char num[32];
	int32 length = snprintf(num, sizeof(num), "%ld", i);

	_DoAppend(num, length);
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::operator<<(unsigned long long i)
{
	char num[64];
	int32 length = snprintf(num, sizeof(num), "%llu", i);

	_DoAppend(num, length);
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::operator<<(long long i)
{
	char num[64];
	int32 length = snprintf(num, sizeof(num), "%lld", i);

	_DoAppend(num, length);
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::operator<<(float f)
{
	char num[64];
	int32 length = snprintf(num, sizeof(num), "%.2f", f);

	_DoAppend(num, length);
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::operator<<(double value)
{
	char num[64];
	int32 length = snprintf(num, sizeof(num), "%.2f", value);

	_DoAppend(num, length);
	return *this;
}


//	#pragma mark - Private or reserved


BString::BString(char* privateData, PrivateDataTag tag)
	:
	fPrivateData(privateData)
{
	if (fPrivateData != NULL)
		atomic_add(&_ReferenceCount(), 1);
}


/*!	Detaches this string from an eventually shared fPrivateData, ie. this makes
	this string writable.
*/
status_t
BString::_MakeWritable()
{
	if (atomic_get(&_ReferenceCount()) > 1) {
		// It might be shared, and this requires special treatment
		char* newData = _Clone(fPrivateData, Length());
		_ReleasePrivateData();
		if (newData == NULL)
			return B_NO_MEMORY;

		fPrivateData = newData;
	}

	return B_OK;
}


/*!	Makes this string writable, and resizes the buffer to \a length bytes (not
	including the terminating null).

	@param length The length of the new buffer in bytes.
	@param copy If true, the current string will be copied into the new string.
*/
status_t
BString::_MakeWritable(int32 length, bool copy)
{
	char* newData = NULL;

	if (atomic_get(&_ReferenceCount()) > 1) {
		// we might share our data with someone else
		if (copy)
			newData = _Clone(fPrivateData, length);
		else
			newData = _Allocate(length);

		if (newData == NULL)
			return B_NO_MEMORY;

		_ReleasePrivateData();
	} else {
		// we don't share our data with someone else
		newData = _Resize(length);

		if (newData == NULL)
			return B_NO_MEMORY;
	}

	fPrivateData = newData;
	return B_OK;
}


/*!	Allocates a new private data buffer with the space to store \a length bytes
	(not including the terminating null).
*/
/*static*/ char*
BString::_Allocate(int32 length)
{
	if (length < 0)
		return NULL;

	char* newData = (char*)malloc(length + kPrivateDataOffset + 1);
	if (newData == NULL)
		return NULL;

	newData += kPrivateDataOffset;
	newData[length] = '\0';

	// initialize reference count & length
	Private::DataRefCount(newData) = 1;
	Private::DataLength(newData) = length & 0x7fffffff;

	return newData;
}


/*!	Resizes the private data buffer. You must already have a writable buffer
	when you call this method.
*/
char*
BString::_Resize(int32 length)
{
	ASSERT(_ReferenceCount() == 1 || _ReferenceCount() == -1);

	if (length == Length())
		return fPrivateData;

	char* data = fPrivateData ? fPrivateData - kPrivateDataOffset : NULL;
	if (length < 0)
		length = 0;

	data = (char*)realloc(data, length + kPrivateDataOffset + 1);
	if (data == NULL)
		return NULL;

	data += kPrivateDataOffset;

	fPrivateData = data;
	fPrivateData[length] = '\0';

	_SetLength(length);
	_ReferenceCount() = 1;

	return data;
}


void
BString::_Init(const char* src, int32 length)
{
	fPrivateData = _Clone(src, length);
	if (fPrivateData == NULL)
		fPrivateData = _Clone(NULL, 0);
}


char*
BString::_Clone(const char* data, int32 length)
{
	char* newData = _Allocate(length);
	if (newData == NULL)
		return NULL;

	if (data != NULL && length > 0) {
		// "data" may not span over the whole length
		strncpy(newData, data, length);
	}

	return newData;
}


char*
BString::_OpenAtBy(int32 offset, int32 length)
{
	int32 oldLength = Length();

	if (_MakeWritable() != B_OK)
		return NULL;

	memmove(fPrivateData + offset + length, fPrivateData + offset,
		oldLength - offset);
	return _Resize(oldLength + length);
}


char*
BString::_ShrinkAtBy(int32 offset, int32 length)
{
	int32 oldLength = Length();
	if (_MakeWritable() != B_OK)
		return NULL;

	memmove(fPrivateData + offset, fPrivateData + offset + length,
		oldLength - offset - length);
	return _Resize(oldLength - length);
}


void
BString::_SetLength(int32 length)
{
	Private::DataLength(fPrivateData) = length & 0x7fffffff;
}


void
BString::_FreePrivateData()
{
	if (fPrivateData != NULL) {
		free(fPrivateData - kPrivateDataOffset);
		fPrivateData = NULL;
	}
}


void
BString::_ReleasePrivateData()
{
	if (!_IsShareable() || atomic_add(&_ReferenceCount(), -1) == 1)
		_FreePrivateData();
	fPrivateData = NULL;
}


bool
BString::_DoAppend(const char* string, int32 length)
{
	int32 oldLength = Length();
	if (_MakeWritable(oldLength + length, true) == B_OK) {
		strncpy(fPrivateData + oldLength, string, length);
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}


bool
BString::_DoPrepend(const char* string, int32 length)
{
	// TODO: this could be optimized (allocate a new buffer, use memcpy())
	int32 oldLength = Length();
	if (_MakeWritable(oldLength + length, true) == B_OK) {
		memmove(fPrivateData + length, fPrivateData, oldLength);
		if (string && length)
			strncpy(fPrivateData, string, length);
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}


bool
BString::_DoInsert(const char* string, int32 offset, int32 length)
{
	int32 oldLength = Length();
	if (_MakeWritable(oldLength + length, true) == B_OK) {
		memmove(fPrivateData + offset + length, fPrivateData + offset,
			oldLength - offset);
		if (string != NULL && length)
			strncpy(fPrivateData + offset, string, length);
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}


int32
BString::_ShortFindAfter(const char* string, int32 len) const
{
	const char* ptr = strstr(String(), string);

	if (ptr != NULL)
		return ptr - String();

	return B_ERROR;
}


int32
BString::_FindAfter(const char* string, int32 offset, int32 length) const
{
	const char* ptr = strstr(String() + offset, string);

	if (ptr != NULL)
		return ptr - String();

	return B_ERROR;
}


int32
BString::_IFindAfter(const char* string, int32 offset, int32 length) const
{
	const char* ptr = strcasestr(String() + offset, string);

	if (ptr != NULL)
		return ptr - String();

	return B_ERROR;
}


int32
BString::_FindBefore(const char* string, int32 offset, int32 length) const
{
	if (fPrivateData != NULL) {
		const char* ptr = fPrivateData + offset - length;

		while (ptr >= fPrivateData) {
			if (!memcmp(ptr, string, length))
				return ptr - fPrivateData;
			ptr--;
		}
	}
	return B_ERROR;
}


int32
BString::_IFindBefore(const char* string, int32 offset, int32 length) const
{
	if (fPrivateData != NULL) {
		char* ptr1 = fPrivateData + offset - length;

		while (ptr1 >= fPrivateData) {
			if (!strncasecmp(ptr1, string, length))
				return ptr1 - fPrivateData;
			ptr1--;
		}
	}
	return B_ERROR;
}


BString&
BString::_DoCharacterEscape(const char* string, const char* setOfCharsToEscape,
	char escapeChar)
{
	if (_MakeWritable(string_length(string), false) != B_OK)
		return *this;

	memcpy(fPrivateData, string, Length());

	PosVect positions;
	int32 length = Length();
	int32 pos;
	for (int32 offset = 0; offset < length; offset += pos + 1) {
		pos = strcspn(fPrivateData + offset, setOfCharsToEscape);
		if (pos < length - offset && !positions.Add(offset + pos))
			return *this;
	}

	uint32 count = positions.CountItems();
	int32 newLength = length + count;
	if (!newLength) {
		_Resize(0);
		return *this;
	}

	char* newData = _Allocate(newLength);
	if (newData) {
		char* oldString = fPrivateData;
		char* newString = newData;
		int32 lastPos = 0;

		for (uint32 i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
			pos = positions.ItemAt(i);
			length = pos - lastPos;
			if (length > 0) {
				memcpy(newString, oldString, length);
				oldString += length;
				newString += length;
			}
			*newString++ = escapeChar;
			*newString++ = *oldString++;
			lastPos = pos + 1;
		}

		length = Length() + 1 - lastPos;
		if (length > 0)
			memcpy(newString, oldString, length);

		_FreePrivateData();
		fPrivateData = newData;
	}
	return *this;
}


BString&
BString::_DoCharacterDeescape(const char* string, char escapeChar)
{
	if (_MakeWritable(string_length(string), false) != B_OK)
		return *this;

	memcpy(fPrivateData, string, Length());
	const char escape[2] = { escapeChar, '\0' };
	return _DoReplace(escape, "", REPLACE_ALL, 0, KEEP_CASE);
}


BString&
BString::_DoReplace(const char* findThis, const char* replaceWith,
	int32 maxReplaceCount, int32 fromOffset, bool ignoreCase)
{
	if (findThis == NULL || maxReplaceCount <= 0
		|| fromOffset < 0 || fromOffset >= Length())
		return *this;

	int32 findLen = strlen(findThis);
	if (findLen == 0)
		return *this;

	typedef int32 (BString::*TFindMethod)(const char*, int32, int32) const;
	TFindMethod findMethod = ignoreCase
		? &BString::_IFindAfter : &BString::_FindAfter;

	if (replaceWith == NULL)
		replaceWith = "";

	int32 replaceLen = strlen(replaceWith);
	int32 lastSrcPos = fromOffset;
	PosVect positions;
	for (int32 srcPos = 0; maxReplaceCount > 0
		&& (srcPos = (this->*findMethod)(findThis, lastSrcPos, findLen)) >= 0;
			maxReplaceCount--) {
		positions.Add(srcPos);
		lastSrcPos = srcPos + findLen;
	}
	_ReplaceAtPositions(&positions, findLen, replaceWith, replaceLen);
	return *this;
}


void
BString::_ReplaceAtPositions(const PosVect* positions, int32 searchLength,
	const char* with, int32 withLength)
{
	int32 length = Length();
	uint32 count = positions->CountItems();
	int32 newLength = length + count * (withLength - searchLength);
	if (!newLength) {
		_Resize(0);
		return;
	}

	char* newData = _Allocate(newLength);
	if (newData == NULL)
		return;

	char* oldString = fPrivateData;
	char* newString = newData;
	int32 lastPos = 0;

	for (uint32 i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
		int32 pos = positions->ItemAt(i);
		length = pos - lastPos;
		if (length > 0) {
			memcpy(newString, oldString, length);
			oldString += length;
			newString += length;
		}
		memcpy(newString, with, withLength);
		oldString += searchLength;
		newString += withLength;
		lastPos = pos + searchLength;
	}

	length = Length() + 1 - lastPos;
	if (length > 0)
		memcpy(newString, oldString, length);

	_FreePrivateData();
	fPrivateData = newData;
}


//	#pragma mark - backwards compatibility


/*!	Translates to (missing const):
	BString& BString::operator<<(BString& string)
*/
extern "C" BString&
__ls__7BStringR7BString(BString* self, BString& string)
{
	return self->operator<<(string);
}


#if __GNUC__ > 3

//	#pragma mark - BStringRef backwards compatibility


class BStringRef {
public:
	BStringRef(BString& string, int32 position);
	~BStringRef() {}

	operator char() const;

	char* operator&();
	const char* operator&() const;

	BStringRef& operator=(char c);
	BStringRef& operator=(const BStringRef& rc);

private:
	BString&	fString;
	int32		fPosition;
};


BStringRef::BStringRef(BString& string, int32 position)
	:
	fString(string), fPosition(position)
{
}


BStringRef::operator char() const
{
	return fPosition < fString.Length() ? fString.fPrivateData[fPosition] : 0;
}


BStringRef&
BStringRef::operator=(char c)
{
	fString._MakeWritable();
	fString.fPrivateData[fPosition] = c;
	return *this;
}


BStringRef&
BStringRef::operator=(const BStringRef &rc)
{
	return operator=(rc.fString.fPrivateData[rc.fPosition]);
}


const char*
BStringRef::operator&() const
{
	return &fString.fPrivateData[fPosition];
}


char*
BStringRef::operator&()
{
	if (fString._MakeWritable() != B_OK)
		return NULL;

	fString._ReferenceCount() = -1;
		// mark as unsharable
	return &fString.fPrivateData[fPosition];
}


extern "C" BStringRef
_ZN7BStringixEi(BString* self, int32 index)

{
	return BStringRef(*self, index);
}
#endif


//	#pragma mark - Non-member compare for sorting, etc.


int
Compare(const BString& string1, const BString& string2)
{
	return strcmp(string1.String(), string2.String());
}


int
ICompare(const BString& string1, const BString& string2)
{
	return strcasecmp(string1.String(), string2.String());
}


int
Compare(const BString* string1, const BString* string2)
{
	return strcmp(string1->String(), string2->String());
}


int
ICompare(const BString* string1, const BString* string2)
{
	return strcasecmp(string1->String(), string2->String());
}